Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical Populations
This study examined the distribution characteristics of the standard scores on the Japanese version of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS)’s Planning, Attention, Simultaneous Processing, and Successive Processing (PASS) scale by clustering the scores using the k-means method, focusing on clinical...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Intelligence |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/13/6/71 |
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| author | Shinji Okazaki Shiho Okuhata Masumi Aoki Hisao Maekawa |
| author_facet | Shinji Okazaki Shiho Okuhata Masumi Aoki Hisao Maekawa |
| author_sort | Shinji Okazaki |
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| description | This study examined the distribution characteristics of the standard scores on the Japanese version of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS)’s Planning, Attention, Simultaneous Processing, and Successive Processing (PASS) scale by clustering the scores using the k-means method, focusing on clinical groups. In Study 1, 140 clinical cases evaluated using the CAS at University A’s educational counseling service were analyzed. The k-means clustering method was applied based on the full-scale standard scores, PASS scale scores, score discrepancies, and subtest scaled scores. Study 2 applied the same clustering method to a clinical group of 91 cases with ADHD, ASD, or comorbid ADHD–ASD, excluding those with intellectual developmental disorders or other disorders. In Study 1, a group with lower full-scale standard scores indicating general intellectual development was identified. Study 2 identified a cluster of cases with ADHD, ASD, or comorbid ADHD–ASD that showed distinct discrepancies among the four standard scores. In addition, there were no significant differences in the diagnoses across clusters. The Japanese version of the CAS provides valid cognitive profile insights in clinical settings, which can aid in planning support interventions beyond clinical diagnosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87ccc83fb42f4e139310513a64a35520 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-3200 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Intelligence |
| spelling | doaj-art-87ccc83fb42f4e139310513a64a355202025-08-20T02:21:03ZengMDPI AGJournal of Intelligence2079-32002025-06-011367110.3390/jintelligence13060071Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical PopulationsShinji Okazaki0Shiho Okuhata1Masumi Aoki2Hisao Maekawa3Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanFaculty of Education, Bukkyo University, Kyoto 603-8301, JapanDiversity and Inclusion Promotion Office, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Kanagawa, JapanInstitute of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanThis study examined the distribution characteristics of the standard scores on the Japanese version of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS)’s Planning, Attention, Simultaneous Processing, and Successive Processing (PASS) scale by clustering the scores using the k-means method, focusing on clinical groups. In Study 1, 140 clinical cases evaluated using the CAS at University A’s educational counseling service were analyzed. The k-means clustering method was applied based on the full-scale standard scores, PASS scale scores, score discrepancies, and subtest scaled scores. Study 2 applied the same clustering method to a clinical group of 91 cases with ADHD, ASD, or comorbid ADHD–ASD, excluding those with intellectual developmental disorders or other disorders. In Study 1, a group with lower full-scale standard scores indicating general intellectual development was identified. Study 2 identified a cluster of cases with ADHD, ASD, or comorbid ADHD–ASD that showed distinct discrepancies among the four standard scores. In addition, there were no significant differences in the diagnoses across clusters. The Japanese version of the CAS provides valid cognitive profile insights in clinical settings, which can aid in planning support interventions beyond clinical diagnosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/13/6/71Cognitive Assessment SystemPASS scalek-means clusteringcognitive profileADHDASD |
| spellingShingle | Shinji Okazaki Shiho Okuhata Masumi Aoki Hisao Maekawa Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical Populations Journal of Intelligence Cognitive Assessment System PASS scale k-means clustering cognitive profile ADHD ASD |
| title | Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical Populations |
| title_full | Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical Populations |
| title_fullStr | Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical Populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical Populations |
| title_short | Clustering Analysis of Cognitive Profiles of Clinical Groups Using the CAS: An Examination of Japanese Clinical Populations |
| title_sort | clustering analysis of cognitive profiles of clinical groups using the cas an examination of japanese clinical populations |
| topic | Cognitive Assessment System PASS scale k-means clustering cognitive profile ADHD ASD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/13/6/71 |
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