Effects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage
Abstract Objective Wet distiller’s grains (WDG) are rich in crude protein, yet challenging to preserve. Nevertheless, incorporating WDG into total mixed ration (TMR) silage holds promise for enhancing fermentation quality. This study investigated the effects of varying WDG proportions on nitrogen co...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03750-w |
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| author | Ermei Du Ning Mao Shihao Liu Hanyu Zhang Meiling Fan Hong Sun Yulong Zheng Qiming Cheng Chunmei Wang Ping Li Yixiao Xie |
| author_facet | Ermei Du Ning Mao Shihao Liu Hanyu Zhang Meiling Fan Hong Sun Yulong Zheng Qiming Cheng Chunmei Wang Ping Li Yixiao Xie |
| author_sort | Ermei Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Wet distiller’s grains (WDG) are rich in crude protein, yet challenging to preserve. Nevertheless, incorporating WDG into total mixed ration (TMR) silage holds promise for enhancing fermentation quality. This study investigated the effects of varying WDG proportions on nitrogen composition, fermentation quality, and microorganisms in TMR silage. Methods Three TMR formulations were prepared: (1) 0% WDG (T0), (2) 15% WDG (T15), and (3) 30% WDG (T30) were ensiled for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Results After 7 days of ensiling, butyric acid was detected in T0 and T15 groups, while T30 exhibited significantly lower levels (p < 0.05). Both T15 and T30 treatments led to improved V-scores of TMR silage. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) production was slower in T30, with significant increases observed in NPN levels for T0 and T15 after 30 days (p < 0.05). However, the abundance of Clostridium was extremely low in the present study. Protein degradation and and butyric acid production may be attributed to Weissella. Conclusion The fermentation quality of TMR silage is always decreasing during storage, so its storage time should be minimized. Incorporating 30% WDG reduced abundance of Weissella, resulting in less protein degradation and better fermentation quality in TMR silage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87b5620ea2b64a4a966696df94f6b244 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-87b5620ea2b64a4a966696df94f6b2442025-01-26T12:17:53ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-01-0125111110.1186/s12866-025-03750-wEffects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silageErmei Du0Ning Mao1Shihao Liu2Hanyu Zhang3Meiling Fan4Hong Sun5Yulong Zheng6Qiming Cheng7Chunmei Wang8Ping Li9Yixiao Xie10Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollage of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityAbstract Objective Wet distiller’s grains (WDG) are rich in crude protein, yet challenging to preserve. Nevertheless, incorporating WDG into total mixed ration (TMR) silage holds promise for enhancing fermentation quality. This study investigated the effects of varying WDG proportions on nitrogen composition, fermentation quality, and microorganisms in TMR silage. Methods Three TMR formulations were prepared: (1) 0% WDG (T0), (2) 15% WDG (T15), and (3) 30% WDG (T30) were ensiled for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Results After 7 days of ensiling, butyric acid was detected in T0 and T15 groups, while T30 exhibited significantly lower levels (p < 0.05). Both T15 and T30 treatments led to improved V-scores of TMR silage. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) production was slower in T30, with significant increases observed in NPN levels for T0 and T15 after 30 days (p < 0.05). However, the abundance of Clostridium was extremely low in the present study. Protein degradation and and butyric acid production may be attributed to Weissella. Conclusion The fermentation quality of TMR silage is always decreasing during storage, so its storage time should be minimized. Incorporating 30% WDG reduced abundance of Weissella, resulting in less protein degradation and better fermentation quality in TMR silage.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03750-wBacterial communityFermentation qualityNitrogen fractionProteinase activityTotal mixed ration silageWet distillers’ grains |
| spellingShingle | Ermei Du Ning Mao Shihao Liu Hanyu Zhang Meiling Fan Hong Sun Yulong Zheng Qiming Cheng Chunmei Wang Ping Li Yixiao Xie Effects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage BMC Microbiology Bacterial community Fermentation quality Nitrogen fraction Proteinase activity Total mixed ration silage Wet distillers’ grains |
| title | Effects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage |
| title_full | Effects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage |
| title_fullStr | Effects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage |
| title_short | Effects of different wet distillers’ grains ratios on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage |
| title_sort | effects of different wet distillers grains ratios on fermentation quality nitrogen fractions and bacterial communities of total mixed ration silage |
| topic | Bacterial community Fermentation quality Nitrogen fraction Proteinase activity Total mixed ration silage Wet distillers’ grains |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03750-w |
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