Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment
Abstract Nonthermal plasma has been extensively utilized in various biomedical fields, including surface engineering of medical implants to enhance their biocompatibility and osseointegration. To ensure robustness and cost effectiveness for commercial viability, stable and effective plasma is requir...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82730-y |
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| author | Ara Jung Hyungyu Lee Heejin Kim Hyun Jeong Jeon Sanghoo Park Bomi Gweon |
| author_facet | Ara Jung Hyungyu Lee Heejin Kim Hyun Jeong Jeon Sanghoo Park Bomi Gweon |
| author_sort | Ara Jung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nonthermal plasma has been extensively utilized in various biomedical fields, including surface engineering of medical implants to enhance their biocompatibility and osseointegration. To ensure robustness and cost effectiveness for commercial viability, stable and effective plasma is required, which can be achieved by reducing gas pressure in a controlled volume. Here, we explored the impact of reduced gas pressure on plasma properties, surface characteristics of plasma-treated implants, and subsequent biological outcomes. Implant materials were treated with plasmas under varying discharge conditions, with pre-pumping times of 10 s and 20 s, thereby modulating the pressure during plasma treatments. Through optical emission spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the 5 Torr operational condition, achieved by 20-s pre-pumping, generated a greater density of excited nitrogen species and provided more stable plasma compared to the 16 Torr condition, achieved by 10-s pre-pumping. We then assessed the surface hydrophilicity, chemical composition, protein adsorption, and osteoblast activities on plasma-treated implants compared with those of untreated controls. Our results reveal that the 5 Torr condition significantly enhances removal of carbon-based impurities and increased protein adsorption, leading to improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In particular, implants treated under the 5 Torr condition showed significantly higher carbon-based impurity reduction and osteoblast differentiation performance compared to those treated under the 16 Torr condition. These findings suggest that optimizing gas pressure in plasma devices is critical for effectively controlling excited nitrogen radicals, which improves plasma surface modification and enhances the biocompatibility of implant surfaces. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87b2e3f538c9424088056c8b31b0d4dd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-87b2e3f538c9424088056c8b31b0d4dd2025-08-20T02:46:09ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111710.1038/s41598-024-82730-yImpact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatmentAra Jung0Hyungyu Lee1Heejin Kim2Hyun Jeong Jeon3Sanghoo Park4Bomi Gweon5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong UniversityInstitute of Mechanical Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong UniversityPlasmapp Co., LtdDepartment of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong UniversityAbstract Nonthermal plasma has been extensively utilized in various biomedical fields, including surface engineering of medical implants to enhance their biocompatibility and osseointegration. To ensure robustness and cost effectiveness for commercial viability, stable and effective plasma is required, which can be achieved by reducing gas pressure in a controlled volume. Here, we explored the impact of reduced gas pressure on plasma properties, surface characteristics of plasma-treated implants, and subsequent biological outcomes. Implant materials were treated with plasmas under varying discharge conditions, with pre-pumping times of 10 s and 20 s, thereby modulating the pressure during plasma treatments. Through optical emission spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the 5 Torr operational condition, achieved by 20-s pre-pumping, generated a greater density of excited nitrogen species and provided more stable plasma compared to the 16 Torr condition, achieved by 10-s pre-pumping. We then assessed the surface hydrophilicity, chemical composition, protein adsorption, and osteoblast activities on plasma-treated implants compared with those of untreated controls. Our results reveal that the 5 Torr condition significantly enhances removal of carbon-based impurities and increased protein adsorption, leading to improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In particular, implants treated under the 5 Torr condition showed significantly higher carbon-based impurity reduction and osteoblast differentiation performance compared to those treated under the 16 Torr condition. These findings suggest that optimizing gas pressure in plasma devices is critical for effectively controlling excited nitrogen radicals, which improves plasma surface modification and enhances the biocompatibility of implant surfaces.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82730-yVacuum plasmaPlasma treatmentPlasma cleaningOsteointegrationSurface wettability |
| spellingShingle | Ara Jung Hyungyu Lee Heejin Kim Hyun Jeong Jeon Sanghoo Park Bomi Gweon Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment Scientific Reports Vacuum plasma Plasma treatment Plasma cleaning Osteointegration Surface wettability |
| title | Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment |
| title_full | Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment |
| title_fullStr | Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment |
| title_short | Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment |
| title_sort | impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum assisted plasma treatment |
| topic | Vacuum plasma Plasma treatment Plasma cleaning Osteointegration Surface wettability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82730-y |
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