Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of India

The transition to clean energy is not inherently positive or negative, and its impacts depend on the social context, power relations, and mechanisms to include marginalized voices. India, with its ambitious climate targets and commitment to the UN SDG Agenda, is a key country for ensuring an inclusi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bhavya Batra, Karina Standal, Solveig Aamodt, Gopal K. Sarangi, Manish Kumar Shrivastava
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3952
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849407688252850176
author Bhavya Batra
Karina Standal
Solveig Aamodt
Gopal K. Sarangi
Manish Kumar Shrivastava
author_facet Bhavya Batra
Karina Standal
Solveig Aamodt
Gopal K. Sarangi
Manish Kumar Shrivastava
author_sort Bhavya Batra
collection DOAJ
description The transition to clean energy is not inherently positive or negative, and its impacts depend on the social context, power relations, and mechanisms to include marginalized voices. India, with its ambitious climate targets and commitment to the UN SDG Agenda, is a key country for ensuring an inclusive and sustainable transition. This paper aims to understand whether India’s commitment to the SDG Agenda’s overarching principle of ‘leaving no one behind’ is reflected in the design of its domestic solar policies. It analyzes how energy justice concerns are addressed in state-level solar policies. To that end, a pragmatic framework was developed to identify key justice dimensions and indicators, linked to the SDG targets, that are essential for an inclusive transition. This research conducted a qualitative interpretive content analysis of 29 solar energy policies, using the three identified framework dimensions—income growth, enhancing inclusion, and equal opportunities. We found that the themes around energy access, employment, and skill development are reflected in policies, while those around the inclusion of the poor, women, and community remain limited. The findings indicate that the policies have focused on low-impact justice concerns, lacking structural transformation. To address these gaps, the study proposes targeted subsidies, community ownership, and gender-inclusive mechanisms. The framework offers a pragmatic tool for the evaluation of clean energy policies in the Global South, and the empirical results provide insights for the synergistic implementation of the climate and sustainable development agenda.
format Article
id doaj-art-87aec778142e481dabc14a15252b4859
institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Energies
spelling doaj-art-87aec778142e481dabc14a15252b48592025-08-20T03:35:58ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011815395210.3390/en18153952Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of IndiaBhavya Batra0Karina Standal1Solveig Aamodt2Gopal K. Sarangi3Manish Kumar Shrivastava4Department of Policy and Management Studies, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, IndiaCICERO Center for International Climate Research, Pb. 1129 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, NorwayCICERO Center for International Climate Research, Pb. 1129 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Policy and Management Studies, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, IndiaEarth Science and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, IndiaThe transition to clean energy is not inherently positive or negative, and its impacts depend on the social context, power relations, and mechanisms to include marginalized voices. India, with its ambitious climate targets and commitment to the UN SDG Agenda, is a key country for ensuring an inclusive and sustainable transition. This paper aims to understand whether India’s commitment to the SDG Agenda’s overarching principle of ‘leaving no one behind’ is reflected in the design of its domestic solar policies. It analyzes how energy justice concerns are addressed in state-level solar policies. To that end, a pragmatic framework was developed to identify key justice dimensions and indicators, linked to the SDG targets, that are essential for an inclusive transition. This research conducted a qualitative interpretive content analysis of 29 solar energy policies, using the three identified framework dimensions—income growth, enhancing inclusion, and equal opportunities. We found that the themes around energy access, employment, and skill development are reflected in policies, while those around the inclusion of the poor, women, and community remain limited. The findings indicate that the policies have focused on low-impact justice concerns, lacking structural transformation. To address these gaps, the study proposes targeted subsidies, community ownership, and gender-inclusive mechanisms. The framework offers a pragmatic tool for the evaluation of clean energy policies in the Global South, and the empirical results provide insights for the synergistic implementation of the climate and sustainable development agenda.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3952energy justiceSustainable Development Goals (SDGs)renewable energysolar policyIndiajust transition
spellingShingle Bhavya Batra
Karina Standal
Solveig Aamodt
Gopal K. Sarangi
Manish Kumar Shrivastava
Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of India
Energies
energy justice
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
renewable energy
solar policy
India
just transition
title Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of India
title_full Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of India
title_fullStr Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of India
title_full_unstemmed Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of India
title_short Integrating Energy Justice and SDGs in Solar Energy Transition: Analysis of the State Solar Policies of India
title_sort integrating energy justice and sdgs in solar energy transition analysis of the state solar policies of india
topic energy justice
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
renewable energy
solar policy
India
just transition
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3952
work_keys_str_mv AT bhavyabatra integratingenergyjusticeandsdgsinsolarenergytransitionanalysisofthestatesolarpoliciesofindia
AT karinastandal integratingenergyjusticeandsdgsinsolarenergytransitionanalysisofthestatesolarpoliciesofindia
AT solveigaamodt integratingenergyjusticeandsdgsinsolarenergytransitionanalysisofthestatesolarpoliciesofindia
AT gopalksarangi integratingenergyjusticeandsdgsinsolarenergytransitionanalysisofthestatesolarpoliciesofindia
AT manishkumarshrivastava integratingenergyjusticeandsdgsinsolarenergytransitionanalysisofthestatesolarpoliciesofindia