Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective
BackgroundAdditive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding as a substitute for conventional heat-pressing and milling techniques for ceramic restorations. However, experimental and clinical evidence on the mechanical properties and performance of the final ceramic products is yet insufficient. This...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Dental Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1512887/full |
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| author | Yuqing Lu Anouk van Steenoven Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva João Paulo Mendes Tribst Li Wang Li Wang Cornelis J. Kleverlaan Albert J. Feilzer Albert J. Feilzer |
| author_facet | Yuqing Lu Anouk van Steenoven Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva João Paulo Mendes Tribst Li Wang Li Wang Cornelis J. Kleverlaan Albert J. Feilzer Albert J. Feilzer |
| author_sort | Yuqing Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAdditive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding as a substitute for conventional heat-pressing and milling techniques for ceramic restorations. However, experimental and clinical evidence on the mechanical properties and performance of the final ceramic products is yet insufficient. This systematic review aimed to update the latest advances in additive manufacturing of restorative ceramics with a focus on their mechanical properties.MethodsThis systematic review was structured using the 5-step methodology based on the research question: what are the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured restorative ceramics in comparison with subtractive manufacturing? The electronic literature search was performed independently by 2 authors in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Published articles from 2019 to 2023 were screened, analysed and the relevant papers were selected for inclusion in this review.ResultsA total of 40 studies were included. The available ceramics include zirconia, alumina and alumina-zirconia composites, lithium disilicate, porcelain and fluorapatite glass ceramic. The mechanical properties were summarized according to material and technique: density (15 studies), flexural strength (31 studies), fracture toughness (7 studies), Young's modulus (7 studies), hardness (11 studies) and performance (7 studies). Overall, the properties exhibited an upward trend toward the values of conventional techniques. Typical processing defects, including porosity, agglomerates, cracks, surface roughness, and other defects, were also analyzed.ConclusionsWith significant technological advancements, the mechanical properties of AM ceramics have come close to ceramics by conventional manufacturing, whereas their reliability, the influence of printing layer orientations, and long-term performance still need further investigation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87899fc3c9a5457098c298773694d628 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Dental Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-87899fc3c9a5457098c298773694d6282025-02-10T06:48:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Dental Medicine2673-49152025-02-01610.3389/fdmed.2025.15128871512887Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspectiveYuqing Lu0Anouk van Steenoven1Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva2João Paulo Mendes Tribst3Li Wang4Li Wang5Cornelis J. Kleverlaan6Albert J. Feilzer7Albert J. Feilzer8Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NetherlandsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaInstitute of Advanced Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NetherlandsBackgroundAdditive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding as a substitute for conventional heat-pressing and milling techniques for ceramic restorations. However, experimental and clinical evidence on the mechanical properties and performance of the final ceramic products is yet insufficient. This systematic review aimed to update the latest advances in additive manufacturing of restorative ceramics with a focus on their mechanical properties.MethodsThis systematic review was structured using the 5-step methodology based on the research question: what are the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured restorative ceramics in comparison with subtractive manufacturing? The electronic literature search was performed independently by 2 authors in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Published articles from 2019 to 2023 were screened, analysed and the relevant papers were selected for inclusion in this review.ResultsA total of 40 studies were included. The available ceramics include zirconia, alumina and alumina-zirconia composites, lithium disilicate, porcelain and fluorapatite glass ceramic. The mechanical properties were summarized according to material and technique: density (15 studies), flexural strength (31 studies), fracture toughness (7 studies), Young's modulus (7 studies), hardness (11 studies) and performance (7 studies). Overall, the properties exhibited an upward trend toward the values of conventional techniques. Typical processing defects, including porosity, agglomerates, cracks, surface roughness, and other defects, were also analyzed.ConclusionsWith significant technological advancements, the mechanical properties of AM ceramics have come close to ceramics by conventional manufacturing, whereas their reliability, the influence of printing layer orientations, and long-term performance still need further investigation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1512887/fulladditive manufacturingprosthodonticsdental restorationceramicsstrengthvat photopolymerization |
| spellingShingle | Yuqing Lu Anouk van Steenoven Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva João Paulo Mendes Tribst Li Wang Li Wang Cornelis J. Kleverlaan Albert J. Feilzer Albert J. Feilzer Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective Frontiers in Dental Medicine additive manufacturing prosthodontics dental restoration ceramics strength vat photopolymerization |
| title | Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective |
| title_full | Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective |
| title_fullStr | Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective |
| title_short | Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective |
| title_sort | additive manufactured ceramics for dental restorations a systematic review on mechanical perspective |
| topic | additive manufacturing prosthodontics dental restoration ceramics strength vat photopolymerization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1512887/full |
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