Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study

Abstract Background Working in shifts can disrupt circadian rhythm and reduce sleep duration, which have a detrimental effect on cognitive function. Shift work is often a special requirement for nurses to provide continuous service for patients. The Stroop task is a classic method of executive funct...

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Main Authors: Ran An, Cheng Li, Shaolong Ai, Yuan Wu, Sha Wang, Xi Luo, Xin Li, Yanming Xu, Hongchen He, Chengqi He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Nursing
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03383-4
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author Ran An
Cheng Li
Shaolong Ai
Yuan Wu
Sha Wang
Xi Luo
Xin Li
Yanming Xu
Hongchen He
Chengqi He
author_facet Ran An
Cheng Li
Shaolong Ai
Yuan Wu
Sha Wang
Xi Luo
Xin Li
Yanming Xu
Hongchen He
Chengqi He
author_sort Ran An
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Working in shifts can disrupt circadian rhythm and reduce sleep duration, which have a detrimental effect on cognitive function. Shift work is often a special requirement for nurses to provide continuous service for patients. The Stroop task is a classic method of executive function (EF) applied in neuroimaging researches. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has created new opportunities for investigating the hemodynamics of cerebral activated regions during executive function. However, there has been no study exploring cerebral hemodynamics changes related to shift work by fNIRS in nurses during performing a Stroop paradigm. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of shift work on fNIRS-based cerebral functions during the Stroop task among nurses in a real clinical environment. Methods Nurses registered in the Department of Neurology were eligible and consecutively included if they were simultaneously responsible for the day, evening and night shifts on the shift work schedule. A multi-channel fNIRS imaging system (NirScan, Danyang Huichuang Medical Equipment Co. Ltd, China) was used to acquire each participant’s cerebral hemodynamic activities during performance of the Stroop task, which was performed for each subject separately before and after three working shifts. Results Eighteen nurses with certification were included in our study. Cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity were significantly changed during Stroop test after day-shift (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected), indicating a leading role of left PFC. Further, we identified the reaction time under incongruent task before day shift, was positively correlated with LPFC (r = 0.507, p = 0.038), RPFC (r = 0.547, p = 0.023) and BPFC activation (r = 0.512, p = 0.036). Conclusions Our study further supported fNIRS as a useful functional imaging technique for monitoring brain activity in healthcare providers. Also, brain activation and functional connectivity during Stroop task consistently showed that working in day shift was related to decreased brain hemodynamic activities in nurses. Further, our findings would be helpful for leadership in clinical management on decision-making about arrangements for shift work.
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spelling doaj-art-876c2b02a34b4177af524fc35c448c9d2025-08-20T04:01:56ZengBMCBMC Nursing1472-69552025-07-0124111210.1186/s12912-025-03383-4Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational studyRan An0Cheng Li1Shaolong Ai2Yuan Wu3Sha Wang4Xi Luo5Xin Li6Yanming Xu7Hongchen He8Chengqi He9Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Background Working in shifts can disrupt circadian rhythm and reduce sleep duration, which have a detrimental effect on cognitive function. Shift work is often a special requirement for nurses to provide continuous service for patients. The Stroop task is a classic method of executive function (EF) applied in neuroimaging researches. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has created new opportunities for investigating the hemodynamics of cerebral activated regions during executive function. However, there has been no study exploring cerebral hemodynamics changes related to shift work by fNIRS in nurses during performing a Stroop paradigm. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of shift work on fNIRS-based cerebral functions during the Stroop task among nurses in a real clinical environment. Methods Nurses registered in the Department of Neurology were eligible and consecutively included if they were simultaneously responsible for the day, evening and night shifts on the shift work schedule. A multi-channel fNIRS imaging system (NirScan, Danyang Huichuang Medical Equipment Co. Ltd, China) was used to acquire each participant’s cerebral hemodynamic activities during performance of the Stroop task, which was performed for each subject separately before and after three working shifts. Results Eighteen nurses with certification were included in our study. Cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity were significantly changed during Stroop test after day-shift (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected), indicating a leading role of left PFC. Further, we identified the reaction time under incongruent task before day shift, was positively correlated with LPFC (r = 0.507, p = 0.038), RPFC (r = 0.547, p = 0.023) and BPFC activation (r = 0.512, p = 0.036). Conclusions Our study further supported fNIRS as a useful functional imaging technique for monitoring brain activity in healthcare providers. Also, brain activation and functional connectivity during Stroop task consistently showed that working in day shift was related to decreased brain hemodynamic activities in nurses. Further, our findings would be helpful for leadership in clinical management on decision-making about arrangements for shift work.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03383-4NursesShift workStroop taskFunctional near-infrared spectroscopyfNIRS
spellingShingle Ran An
Cheng Li
Shaolong Ai
Yuan Wu
Sha Wang
Xi Luo
Xin Li
Yanming Xu
Hongchen He
Chengqi He
Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study
BMC Nursing
Nurses
Shift work
Stroop task
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
fNIRS
title Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study
title_full Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study
title_fullStr Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study
title_full_unstemmed Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study
title_short Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses—implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study
title_sort effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses implications for policy maker a fnirs observational study
topic Nurses
Shift work
Stroop task
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
fNIRS
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03383-4
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