Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review

Europe’s marine and coastal ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, however, their ability to support climate adaptation and mitigation is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This systematic literature review identifies and evaluates integrated approaches that align marine c...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gregory Fuchs, Fenja Kroos, Cordula Scherer, Miriam Seifert, Nico Stelljes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1542705/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850201175044915200
author Gregory Fuchs
Fenja Kroos
Cordula Scherer
Miriam Seifert
Nico Stelljes
author_facet Gregory Fuchs
Fenja Kroos
Cordula Scherer
Miriam Seifert
Nico Stelljes
author_sort Gregory Fuchs
collection DOAJ
description Europe’s marine and coastal ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, however, their ability to support climate adaptation and mitigation is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This systematic literature review identifies and evaluates integrated approaches that align marine conservation with climate adaptation, revealing untapped potential in leveraging synergies across governance, planning, management, and sectoral integration. Despite extensive research in both fields, their interlinkages remain underexplored, with implementation often fragmented and in early development stages. Our findings identify major nexus approaches, particularly ecosystem-based strategies, which, when effectively applied, strengthen the resilience of coastal social-ecological systems. Central nexus measures include climate-smart marine protected areas, ecosystem restoration (e.g., for wetlands, reefs, dunes, seagrasses), pollution control, and hybrid coastal protection solutions. However, their success hinges on cross-sectoral coordination, robust governance, adaptive management, effective stakeholder engagement, long-term monitoring, and financial sustainability. A critical gap in integrating marine conservation and climate adaptation reflects not only a research shortfall but also barriers in policy and practice. Addressing trade-offs between conservation and adaptation is crucial to maximizing synergies while avoiding unintended socio-economic consequences. The study underscores the need for science-policy integration and transformative governance frameworks to implement nexus strategies at scale. Strengthening regulatory coherence, integrating adaptation into marine spatial planning, and expanding financing mechanisms are critical to operationalizing these measures effectively. These insights provide pathways for policymakers, researchers and practitioners to develop resilient, adaptive marine and coastal management approaches in the face of accelerating climate change.
format Article
id doaj-art-87638d7e6cc542ffabb9482ae3101fec
institution OA Journals
issn 2296-7745
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Marine Science
spelling doaj-art-87638d7e6cc542ffabb9482ae3101fec2025-08-20T02:12:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-04-011210.3389/fmars.2025.15427051542705Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a reviewGregory Fuchs0Fenja Kroos1Cordula Scherer2Miriam Seifert3Nico Stelljes4Ecologic Institut, Berlin, GermanyEcologic Institut, Berlin, GermanyAquaEcology – AquaEcology GmbH & Co. KG, Oldenburg, GermanyMarine Biogeosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, GermanyEcologic Institut, Berlin, GermanyEurope’s marine and coastal ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, however, their ability to support climate adaptation and mitigation is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This systematic literature review identifies and evaluates integrated approaches that align marine conservation with climate adaptation, revealing untapped potential in leveraging synergies across governance, planning, management, and sectoral integration. Despite extensive research in both fields, their interlinkages remain underexplored, with implementation often fragmented and in early development stages. Our findings identify major nexus approaches, particularly ecosystem-based strategies, which, when effectively applied, strengthen the resilience of coastal social-ecological systems. Central nexus measures include climate-smart marine protected areas, ecosystem restoration (e.g., for wetlands, reefs, dunes, seagrasses), pollution control, and hybrid coastal protection solutions. However, their success hinges on cross-sectoral coordination, robust governance, adaptive management, effective stakeholder engagement, long-term monitoring, and financial sustainability. A critical gap in integrating marine conservation and climate adaptation reflects not only a research shortfall but also barriers in policy and practice. Addressing trade-offs between conservation and adaptation is crucial to maximizing synergies while avoiding unintended socio-economic consequences. The study underscores the need for science-policy integration and transformative governance frameworks to implement nexus strategies at scale. Strengthening regulatory coherence, integrating adaptation into marine spatial planning, and expanding financing mechanisms are critical to operationalizing these measures effectively. These insights provide pathways for policymakers, researchers and practitioners to develop resilient, adaptive marine and coastal management approaches in the face of accelerating climate change.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1542705/fullclimate change adaptationmarine conservationcoastal resilienceecosystem servicesnexus strategies
spellingShingle Gregory Fuchs
Fenja Kroos
Cordula Scherer
Miriam Seifert
Nico Stelljes
Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review
Frontiers in Marine Science
climate change adaptation
marine conservation
coastal resilience
ecosystem services
nexus strategies
title Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review
title_full Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review
title_fullStr Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review
title_full_unstemmed Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review
title_short Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review
title_sort exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in european seas as an emerging nexus a review
topic climate change adaptation
marine conservation
coastal resilience
ecosystem services
nexus strategies
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1542705/full
work_keys_str_mv AT gregoryfuchs exploringmarineconservationandclimateadaptationsynergiesandstrategiesineuropeanseasasanemergingnexusareview
AT fenjakroos exploringmarineconservationandclimateadaptationsynergiesandstrategiesineuropeanseasasanemergingnexusareview
AT cordulascherer exploringmarineconservationandclimateadaptationsynergiesandstrategiesineuropeanseasasanemergingnexusareview
AT miriamseifert exploringmarineconservationandclimateadaptationsynergiesandstrategiesineuropeanseasasanemergingnexusareview
AT nicostelljes exploringmarineconservationandclimateadaptationsynergiesandstrategiesineuropeanseasasanemergingnexusareview