Free prostate-specific antigen, total prostate-specific antigen, and their ratio associated with diabetic kidney disease: new evidence from male patients with diabetes in the United States

Abstract Objectives To examine the associations between prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-related biomarkers and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in male patients with diabetes. Methods This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Limei Zhang, Chengxia Li, Deying Niu, Shihua Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02897-6
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