First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the Literature

<i>Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis</i> mostly spreads from active tuberculosis (TB) patients to human contacts, although human-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission has been described. Here, we present a rare case of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) transmission from a comp...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ljiljana Zmak, Marija Gomercic Palcic, Mihaela Obrovac, Ivana Folnozic, Drazen Strelec, Irena Reil, Ana Miljan, Maja Zdelar-Tuk, Sanja Duvnjak, Diana Mihalac, Danka Jovetic, Silvio Spicic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Pathogens
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/684
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849732775570046976
author Ljiljana Zmak
Marija Gomercic Palcic
Mihaela Obrovac
Ivana Folnozic
Drazen Strelec
Irena Reil
Ana Miljan
Maja Zdelar-Tuk
Sanja Duvnjak
Diana Mihalac
Danka Jovetic
Silvio Spicic
author_facet Ljiljana Zmak
Marija Gomercic Palcic
Mihaela Obrovac
Ivana Folnozic
Drazen Strelec
Irena Reil
Ana Miljan
Maja Zdelar-Tuk
Sanja Duvnjak
Diana Mihalac
Danka Jovetic
Silvio Spicic
author_sort Ljiljana Zmak
collection DOAJ
description <i>Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis</i> mostly spreads from active tuberculosis (TB) patients to human contacts, although human-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission has been described. Here, we present a rare case of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) transmission from a companion dog to its owner, highlighting the zoonotic potential of the pathogen. Namely, a 37-year-old Croatian man was diagnosed with RR-TB, with whole-genome sequencing analysis revealing a close genetic link to the strain isolated from his dog, which had died of miliary TB six years earlier. This case emphasizes the complexity of TB transmission dynamics, particularly involving companion animals, and underlines the importance of integrated “One Health” approaches for TB control. Awareness of zoonotic TB risks is essential for the early detection and prevention of cross-species transmission, especially in vulnerable populations and households with close human–animal contact.
format Article
id doaj-art-87560afa06e942d1a8907077682d847a
institution DOAJ
issn 2076-0817
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Pathogens
spelling doaj-art-87560afa06e942d1a8907077682d847a2025-08-20T03:08:13ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-07-0114768410.3390/pathogens14070684First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the LiteratureLjiljana Zmak0Marija Gomercic Palcic1Mihaela Obrovac2Ivana Folnozic3Drazen Strelec4Irena Reil5Ana Miljan6Maja Zdelar-Tuk7Sanja Duvnjak8Diana Mihalac9Danka Jovetic10Silvio Spicic11Microbiology Division, Department for Tuberculosis, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaSchool of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaMicrobiology Division, Department for Tuberculosis, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDivision of Pulmology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment for Lung Diseases and Resistant TB, Service for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis Klenovnik, Varaždin General Hospital, 42244 Klenovnik, CroatiaLaboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaVeterinary Practice “Mačji Kašalj”, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaEpidemiology Division, Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaMicrobiology Division, Public Health Institute of Dubrovnik-Neretva County, 20000 Dubrovnik, CroatiaLaboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia<i>Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis</i> mostly spreads from active tuberculosis (TB) patients to human contacts, although human-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission has been described. Here, we present a rare case of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) transmission from a companion dog to its owner, highlighting the zoonotic potential of the pathogen. Namely, a 37-year-old Croatian man was diagnosed with RR-TB, with whole-genome sequencing analysis revealing a close genetic link to the strain isolated from his dog, which had died of miliary TB six years earlier. This case emphasizes the complexity of TB transmission dynamics, particularly involving companion animals, and underlines the importance of integrated “One Health” approaches for TB control. Awareness of zoonotic TB risks is essential for the early detection and prevention of cross-species transmission, especially in vulnerable populations and households with close human–animal contact.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/684<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>RR/MDR-TBzoonosesdog–human transmission
spellingShingle Ljiljana Zmak
Marija Gomercic Palcic
Mihaela Obrovac
Ivana Folnozic
Drazen Strelec
Irena Reil
Ana Miljan
Maja Zdelar-Tuk
Sanja Duvnjak
Diana Mihalac
Danka Jovetic
Silvio Spicic
First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the Literature
Pathogens
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
RR/MDR-TB
zoonoses
dog–human transmission
title First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_fullStr First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_short First Confirmed Case of Zoonotic Transmission of RR-TB from a Dog to a Human, a Neglected Mode of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection—Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_sort first confirmed case of zoonotic transmission of rr tb from a dog to a human a neglected mode of i mycobacterium tuberculosis i infection case report and review of the literature
topic <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
RR/MDR-TB
zoonoses
dog–human transmission
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/684
work_keys_str_mv AT ljiljanazmak firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT marijagomercicpalcic firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT mihaelaobrovac firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT ivanafolnozic firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT drazenstrelec firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT irenareil firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT anamiljan firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT majazdelartuk firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT sanjaduvnjak firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT dianamihalac firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT dankajovetic firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature
AT silviospicic firstconfirmedcaseofzoonotictransmissionofrrtbfromadogtoahumananeglectedmodeofimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectioncasereportandreviewoftheliterature