Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>)
Chalcone synthase (CHS), the first key structural enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses and hormone signaling. However, its molecular functions remain largely unknown in <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>, which is o...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Shiying Su Xueyun Xuan Jiaqi Tan Zhen Yu Yang Jiao Zhijun Zhang Muthusamy Ramakrishnan |
| author_facet | Shiying Su Xueyun Xuan Jiaqi Tan Zhen Yu Yang Jiao Zhijun Zhang Muthusamy Ramakrishnan |
| author_sort | Shiying Su |
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| description | Chalcone synthase (CHS), the first key structural enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses and hormone signaling. However, its molecular functions remain largely unknown in <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>, which is one of the most economically and ecologically important bamboo species and the most widely distributed one in China. This study identified 17 <i>CHS</i> genes in <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> and classified them into seven subgroups, showing a closer evolutionary relationship to <i>CHS</i> genes from rice. Further analysis of <i>PeCHS</i> genes across nine scaffolds revealed that most expansion occurred through tandem duplications. Collinearity analysis indicated strong evolutionary conservation among <i>CHS</i> genes. Motif and gene structure analyses confirmed high structural similarity, suggesting shared functional characteristics. Additionally, <i>cis</i>-acting element analysis demonstrated that <i>PeCHS</i> genes are involved in hormonal regulation and abiotic stress responses. RNA-Seq expression profiles in different bamboo shoot tissues and heights, under various hormone treatments (gibberellin (GA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA)), as well as salinity and drought stress, revealed diverse response patterns among <i>PeCHS</i> genes, with significant differential expression, particularly under hormone treatments. Notably, <i>PeCHS14</i> consistently maintained high expression levels, suggesting its key role in stress response mechanisms. qRT-PCR analysis further validated the expression differences in five <i>PeCHS</i> genes under GA and ABA treatments. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that PeCHS14 and PeCHS15 proteins are localized in the nucleus. This study provides a foundation for investigating the potential functions of <i>PeCHS</i> genes and identifies candidate genes for future research on the responses of <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> to abiotic stresses and hormone signaling. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-873978281bcb40ac8091649270f506182025-01-24T13:46:33ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114216110.3390/plants14020161Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>)Shiying Su0Xueyun Xuan1Jiaqi Tan2Zhen Yu3Yang Jiao4Zhijun Zhang5Muthusamy Ramakrishnan6State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaChalcone synthase (CHS), the first key structural enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses and hormone signaling. However, its molecular functions remain largely unknown in <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>, which is one of the most economically and ecologically important bamboo species and the most widely distributed one in China. This study identified 17 <i>CHS</i> genes in <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> and classified them into seven subgroups, showing a closer evolutionary relationship to <i>CHS</i> genes from rice. Further analysis of <i>PeCHS</i> genes across nine scaffolds revealed that most expansion occurred through tandem duplications. Collinearity analysis indicated strong evolutionary conservation among <i>CHS</i> genes. Motif and gene structure analyses confirmed high structural similarity, suggesting shared functional characteristics. Additionally, <i>cis</i>-acting element analysis demonstrated that <i>PeCHS</i> genes are involved in hormonal regulation and abiotic stress responses. RNA-Seq expression profiles in different bamboo shoot tissues and heights, under various hormone treatments (gibberellin (GA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA)), as well as salinity and drought stress, revealed diverse response patterns among <i>PeCHS</i> genes, with significant differential expression, particularly under hormone treatments. Notably, <i>PeCHS14</i> consistently maintained high expression levels, suggesting its key role in stress response mechanisms. qRT-PCR analysis further validated the expression differences in five <i>PeCHS</i> genes under GA and ABA treatments. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that PeCHS14 and PeCHS15 proteins are localized in the nucleus. This study provides a foundation for investigating the potential functions of <i>PeCHS</i> genes and identifies candidate genes for future research on the responses of <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> to abiotic stresses and hormone signaling.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/161<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i><i>CHS</i> gene familytranscription factorshormonesabiotic stress |
| spellingShingle | Shiying Su Xueyun Xuan Jiaqi Tan Zhen Yu Yang Jiao Zhijun Zhang Muthusamy Ramakrishnan Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) Plants <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> <i>CHS</i> gene family transcription factors hormones abiotic stress |
| title | Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) |
| title_full | Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) |
| title_short | Analysis of the CHS Gene Family Reveals Its Functional Responses to Hormones, Salinity, and Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) |
| title_sort | analysis of the chs gene family reveals its functional responses to hormones salinity and drought stress in moso bamboo i phyllostachys edulis i |
| topic | <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> <i>CHS</i> gene family transcription factors hormones abiotic stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/161 |
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