Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals

In the last 10 years, the synthesis of anthracene scaffolds has attracted considerable interest because of their distinctive electronic characteristics and various uses in organic electronics, photovoltaics, and therapeutics. Anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is valued for its lightweig...

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Main Authors: Fadhil Faez Sead, Vicky Jain, R. Roopashree, Aditya Kashyap, Suman Saini, Girish Chandra Sharma, Pushpa Negi Bhakuni, Mosstafa Kazemi, Ramin Javahershenas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1545252/full
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author Fadhil Faez Sead
Fadhil Faez Sead
Fadhil Faez Sead
Vicky Jain
R. Roopashree
Aditya Kashyap
Suman Saini
Girish Chandra Sharma
Pushpa Negi Bhakuni
Pushpa Negi Bhakuni
Mosstafa Kazemi
Ramin Javahershenas
author_facet Fadhil Faez Sead
Fadhil Faez Sead
Fadhil Faez Sead
Vicky Jain
R. Roopashree
Aditya Kashyap
Suman Saini
Girish Chandra Sharma
Pushpa Negi Bhakuni
Pushpa Negi Bhakuni
Mosstafa Kazemi
Ramin Javahershenas
author_sort Fadhil Faez Sead
collection DOAJ
description In the last 10 years, the synthesis of anthracene scaffolds has attracted considerable interest because of their distinctive electronic characteristics and various uses in organic electronics, photovoltaics, and therapeutics. Anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is valued for its lightweight, stability, and electron transport capabilities, making it a key building block in advanced materials. Traditional synthesis methods often face challenges such as low selectivity and harsh conditions. However, recent advancements in transition metal-catalyzed reactions have transformed the field, offering more efficient and versatile approaches. This review examines methodologies utilizing transition metal catalysts like palladium, zinc, indium, cobalt, gold, iridium, rhodium and ruthenium, which have enabled novel synthetic pathways and selective formation of substituted anthracenes through cross-coupling reactions. The function of ligands, including phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes, in improving reaction efficiency and selectivity is also examined. The shift towards greener methodologies is noted, with a focus on minimizing waste and reducing toxic reagents. The shift towards greener methodologies is noted, with a focus on minimizing waste and reducing toxic reagents. Several case studies demonstrate the successful application of these techniques, highlighting the structural diversity and functional potential of anthracene derivatives in various applications.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-872a0d3fd8ff45adad8bb57c50e403d62025-08-20T02:17:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-03-011310.3389/fchem.2025.15452521545252Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metalsFadhil Faez Sead0Fadhil Faez Sead1Fadhil Faez Sead2Vicky Jain3R. Roopashree4Aditya Kashyap5Suman Saini6Girish Chandra Sharma7Pushpa Negi Bhakuni8Pushpa Negi Bhakuni9Mosstafa Kazemi10Ramin Javahershenas11Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, IraqDepartment of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, IraqDepartment of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqMarwadi University Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaCentre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Applied Sciences-Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering and Technology, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, IndiaDepartment of Allied Science, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India0Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran2Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Urmia University, Urmia, IranIn the last 10 years, the synthesis of anthracene scaffolds has attracted considerable interest because of their distinctive electronic characteristics and various uses in organic electronics, photovoltaics, and therapeutics. Anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is valued for its lightweight, stability, and electron transport capabilities, making it a key building block in advanced materials. Traditional synthesis methods often face challenges such as low selectivity and harsh conditions. However, recent advancements in transition metal-catalyzed reactions have transformed the field, offering more efficient and versatile approaches. This review examines methodologies utilizing transition metal catalysts like palladium, zinc, indium, cobalt, gold, iridium, rhodium and ruthenium, which have enabled novel synthetic pathways and selective formation of substituted anthracenes through cross-coupling reactions. The function of ligands, including phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes, in improving reaction efficiency and selectivity is also examined. The shift towards greener methodologies is noted, with a focus on minimizing waste and reducing toxic reagents. The shift towards greener methodologies is noted, with a focus on minimizing waste and reducing toxic reagents. Several case studies demonstrate the successful application of these techniques, highlighting the structural diversity and functional potential of anthracene derivatives in various applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1545252/fullanthracenetransition metals (Cr and Fe)synthesisnanocatalyscatalyst
spellingShingle Fadhil Faez Sead
Fadhil Faez Sead
Fadhil Faez Sead
Vicky Jain
R. Roopashree
Aditya Kashyap
Suman Saini
Girish Chandra Sharma
Pushpa Negi Bhakuni
Pushpa Negi Bhakuni
Mosstafa Kazemi
Ramin Javahershenas
Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals
Frontiers in Chemistry
anthracene
transition metals (Cr and Fe)
synthesis
nanocatalys
catalyst
title Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals
title_full Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals
title_fullStr Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals
title_full_unstemmed Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals
title_short Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals
title_sort recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals
topic anthracene
transition metals (Cr and Fe)
synthesis
nanocatalys
catalyst
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1545252/full
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