Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment

This paper analyzes the surface quality characteristics, such as arithmetic average roughness (Ra), maximum peak-to-valley height (Rt), and average peak-to-valley height (Rz), in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel using a (TiN/TiCN/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) coated carbide in...

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Main Authors: Sandip Mane, Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil, Anindita Roy, Pritesh Shah, Ravi Sekhar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Applied Mechanics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3161/6/1/5
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author Sandip Mane
Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil
Anindita Roy
Pritesh Shah
Ravi Sekhar
author_facet Sandip Mane
Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil
Anindita Roy
Pritesh Shah
Ravi Sekhar
author_sort Sandip Mane
collection DOAJ
description This paper analyzes the surface quality characteristics, such as arithmetic average roughness (Ra), maximum peak-to-valley height (Rt), and average peak-to-valley height (Rz), in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel using a (TiN/TiCN/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) coated carbide insert under a minimal cutting fluid environment (MCFA). MCFA, a sustainable high-velocity pulsed jet technique, reduces harmful effects on human health and the environment while improving machining performance. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array was used to conduct the experiments. The findings showed that surface roughness increases with feed rate, identified as the most influential parameter, while the depth of cut shows a negligible effect. The main effects plot of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios for the combined response of Ra, Rt, and Rz revealed the optimal cutting conditions: cutting speed of 140 m/min, feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.3 mm. Feed rate ranked highest in influence, followed by cutting speed and depth of cut. The lower values of surface roughness parameters were observed in the ranges of Ra ≈ 0.248–0.309 µm, Rt ≈ 2.013–2.186 µm, and Rz ≈ 1.566 µm at a feed rate of 0.05–0.07 mm/rev. MCFA-assisted hard turning reduces surface roughness by 35–40% compared to dry hard turning and 10% to 24% when compared to the MQL technique. Moreover, this study emphasizes the significant environmental benefits of MCFA, as it incorporates minimal eco-friendly cutting fluids that minimize ecological impact while enhancing surface finish.
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spelling doaj-art-871e2d345d9b46d5b60fdf33f3371fc22025-08-20T02:11:08ZengMDPI AGApplied Mechanics2673-31612025-01-0161510.3390/applmech6010005Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid EnvironmentSandip Mane0Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil1Anindita Roy2Pritesh Shah3Ravi Sekhar4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi Engineering College, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi Engineering College, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, IndiaSymbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, IndiaSymbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, IndiaSymbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, IndiaThis paper analyzes the surface quality characteristics, such as arithmetic average roughness (Ra), maximum peak-to-valley height (Rt), and average peak-to-valley height (Rz), in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel using a (TiN/TiCN/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) coated carbide insert under a minimal cutting fluid environment (MCFA). MCFA, a sustainable high-velocity pulsed jet technique, reduces harmful effects on human health and the environment while improving machining performance. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array was used to conduct the experiments. The findings showed that surface roughness increases with feed rate, identified as the most influential parameter, while the depth of cut shows a negligible effect. The main effects plot of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios for the combined response of Ra, Rt, and Rz revealed the optimal cutting conditions: cutting speed of 140 m/min, feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.3 mm. Feed rate ranked highest in influence, followed by cutting speed and depth of cut. The lower values of surface roughness parameters were observed in the ranges of Ra ≈ 0.248–0.309 µm, Rt ≈ 2.013–2.186 µm, and Rz ≈ 1.566 µm at a feed rate of 0.05–0.07 mm/rev. MCFA-assisted hard turning reduces surface roughness by 35–40% compared to dry hard turning and 10% to 24% when compared to the MQL technique. Moreover, this study emphasizes the significant environmental benefits of MCFA, as it incorporates minimal eco-friendly cutting fluids that minimize ecological impact while enhancing surface finish.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3161/6/1/5hard turningminimal quantity lubricationminimal cutting fluid applicationresponse surface methodologysurface roughness
spellingShingle Sandip Mane
Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil
Anindita Roy
Pritesh Shah
Ravi Sekhar
Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment
Applied Mechanics
hard turning
minimal quantity lubrication
minimal cutting fluid application
response surface methodology
surface roughness
title Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment
title_full Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment
title_fullStr Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment
title_short Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment
title_sort analysis of the surface quality characteristics in hard turning under a minimal cutting fluid environment
topic hard turning
minimal quantity lubrication
minimal cutting fluid application
response surface methodology
surface roughness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3161/6/1/5
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AT aninditaroy analysisofthesurfacequalitycharacteristicsinhardturningunderaminimalcuttingfluidenvironment
AT priteshshah analysisofthesurfacequalitycharacteristicsinhardturningunderaminimalcuttingfluidenvironment
AT ravisekhar analysisofthesurfacequalitycharacteristicsinhardturningunderaminimalcuttingfluidenvironment