Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Nephrotic syndrome, a glomerular disease caused by podocyte dysfunction, is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Current treatment relies on corticosteroids, which carry the risk of long-term side effects. <i>Physal...

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Main Authors: Astrid K. Kardani, Loeki E. Fitri, Nur Samsu, Krisni Subandiyah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/719
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author Astrid K. Kardani
Loeki E. Fitri
Nur Samsu
Krisni Subandiyah
author_facet Astrid K. Kardani
Loeki E. Fitri
Nur Samsu
Krisni Subandiyah
author_sort Astrid K. Kardani
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Nephrotic syndrome, a glomerular disease caused by podocyte dysfunction, is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Current treatment relies on corticosteroids, which carry the risk of long-term side effects. <i>Physalis angulata</i> has potential as an adjunct therapy for immune-mediated kidney injury. This study aims to evaluate the effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> extracts on anti-nephrin IgG, IL-4, and podocytopathy through BAFF inhibition in a doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome rat model. <b>Methods</b>: This experimental study involved 36 Sprague–Dawley rats divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment groups received <i>Physalis angulata</i> extract at doses of 500 mg/kgBW, 1500 mg/kgBW, and 2500 mg/kgBW, or in combination with prednisone, alongside a group receiving prednisone monotherapy. Podocytopathy was assessed using proteinuria, nephrin, podocalyxin, and GLEPP-1. Proteinuria was measured using spectrophotometry. Serum BAFF levels, renal IL-4, urinary nephrin, and urinary podocalyxin were analyzed using ELISA. Renal nephrin, renal podocalyxin, GLEPP-1, and BAFF expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25. <b>Results</b>: The results showed significant reductions in proteinuria, serum BAFF levels, renal BAFF expression, anti-nephrin IgG, IL-4, urinary nephrin, and urinary podocalyxin, along with significant increases in GLEPP-1, renal nephrin, and renal podocalyxin expression, in all treatment groups compared to the nephrotic syndrome control group. The combination of <i>Physalis angulata</i> at 2500 mg/kgBW with prednisone demonstrated the best effects. <b>Conclusions</b>: <i>Physalis angulata</i> shows promise as an adjuvant therapy for nephrotic syndrome by improving podocytopathy through BAFF inhibition. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term safety, optimize dosing, and explore clinical applications in humans.
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spelling doaj-art-8719cbca15fe46c6b2f9b3c3deec3b8c2025-08-20T02:11:12ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113371910.3390/biomedicines13030719Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat ModelAstrid K. Kardani0Loeki E. Fitri1Nur Samsu2Krisni Subandiyah3Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, East Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Clinical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang 65145/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang 65111, East Java, IndonesiaNephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang 65145/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang 65111, East Java, IndonesiaNephrology Division, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang 65145/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang 65111, East Java, Indonesia<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Nephrotic syndrome, a glomerular disease caused by podocyte dysfunction, is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Current treatment relies on corticosteroids, which carry the risk of long-term side effects. <i>Physalis angulata</i> has potential as an adjunct therapy for immune-mediated kidney injury. This study aims to evaluate the effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> extracts on anti-nephrin IgG, IL-4, and podocytopathy through BAFF inhibition in a doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome rat model. <b>Methods</b>: This experimental study involved 36 Sprague–Dawley rats divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment groups received <i>Physalis angulata</i> extract at doses of 500 mg/kgBW, 1500 mg/kgBW, and 2500 mg/kgBW, or in combination with prednisone, alongside a group receiving prednisone monotherapy. Podocytopathy was assessed using proteinuria, nephrin, podocalyxin, and GLEPP-1. Proteinuria was measured using spectrophotometry. Serum BAFF levels, renal IL-4, urinary nephrin, and urinary podocalyxin were analyzed using ELISA. Renal nephrin, renal podocalyxin, GLEPP-1, and BAFF expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25. <b>Results</b>: The results showed significant reductions in proteinuria, serum BAFF levels, renal BAFF expression, anti-nephrin IgG, IL-4, urinary nephrin, and urinary podocalyxin, along with significant increases in GLEPP-1, renal nephrin, and renal podocalyxin expression, in all treatment groups compared to the nephrotic syndrome control group. The combination of <i>Physalis angulata</i> at 2500 mg/kgBW with prednisone demonstrated the best effects. <b>Conclusions</b>: <i>Physalis angulata</i> shows promise as an adjuvant therapy for nephrotic syndrome by improving podocytopathy through BAFF inhibition. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term safety, optimize dosing, and explore clinical applications in humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/719nephrotic syndrome<i>Physalis angulata</i>BAFFpodocalyxinnephrinGLEPP-1
spellingShingle Astrid K. Kardani
Loeki E. Fitri
Nur Samsu
Krisni Subandiyah
Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model
Biomedicines
nephrotic syndrome
<i>Physalis angulata</i>
BAFF
podocalyxin
nephrin
GLEPP-1
title Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model
title_full Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model
title_fullStr Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model
title_full_unstemmed Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model
title_short Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model
title_sort protective effects of i physalis angulata i on podocythopathies through b cell activating factor inhibition in doxorubicin induced nephrotic syndrome rat model
topic nephrotic syndrome
<i>Physalis angulata</i>
BAFF
podocalyxin
nephrin
GLEPP-1
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/719
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