Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review

Abstract Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. It increases the risk of foot ulceration and falls. Management typically involves preventive strategies like patient education, risk str...

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Main Authors: Alba Gracia-Sánchez, Adriana López-Pineda, Rauf Nouni-García, Sara Zúnica-García, Esther Chicharro-Luna, Vicente F. Gil-Guillén
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Sports Medicine - Open
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00863-4
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author Alba Gracia-Sánchez
Adriana López-Pineda
Rauf Nouni-García
Sara Zúnica-García
Esther Chicharro-Luna
Vicente F. Gil-Guillén
author_facet Alba Gracia-Sánchez
Adriana López-Pineda
Rauf Nouni-García
Sara Zúnica-García
Esther Chicharro-Luna
Vicente F. Gil-Guillén
author_sort Alba Gracia-Sánchez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. It increases the risk of foot ulceration and falls. Management typically involves preventive strategies like patient education, risk stratification, and regular foot screenings. Exercise plays a key role in enhancing glycemic control and nerve function, reducing the risk of DPN and related complications. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the impact of different exercise interventions on patients with DPN. Methods The search was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, from the establishment of the database up to the search date (September 11, 2023). We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing exercise interventions in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and DPN. Studies were selected based on predefined PICO criteria. The methodological quality of included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results were synthesized narratively and categorized by exercise type and health outcome. Results Fourteen reviews were included, examining the effects of various exercise interventions. Duration ranged from one week to 12 months, and studies were conducted in multiple countries. Additionally, we extracted and reanalyzed individual results from 70 primary studies included within the reviews. Some meta-analyses reported significant improvements in fasting glucose and HbA1c (n = 1), neuropathic symptoms (n = 3), physical function (n = 1), static and dynamic balance (n = 2), range of motion (n = 1), and fear of falling (n = 1). No significant effects were found for BMI, ulcer incidence, adverse events, weight-bearing activity, quality of life, or forefoot plantar pressure (n = 1). Outcome assessment tools included the Biodex system (n = 9), single-leg stance (n = 8), Berg Balance Scale (n = 11), and Timed Up and Go (n = 13) for balance; nerve conduction velocity (n = 8), MNSI (n = 6), and Total Symptom Score (n = 3) for nerve function; fasting glucose (n = 3) and HbA1c (n = 5) for glycemic control. Other outcomes included muscle strength (n = 6), functional capacity (n = 6), pain (n = 6), and quality of life (n = 6). Conclusions Exercise training appears to have potential benefits for certain aspects of DPN, neuropathic symptoms, and functional capacity. However, the effects on glycemic control, fall risk reduction, and ulcer prevention remain inconclusive, with significant variability in study outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-870783f0a2964e79bcf540be332b58f52025-08-20T03:22:45ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612025-06-0111113010.1186/s40798-025-00863-4Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella ReviewAlba Gracia-Sánchez0Adriana López-Pineda1Rauf Nouni-García2Sara Zúnica-García3Esther Chicharro-Luna4Vicente F. Gil-Guillén5Behavioral Sciences and Health Department, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez UniversityClinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez UniversityNetwork for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), San Juan de AlicanteBehavioral Sciences and Health Department, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez UniversityBehavioral Sciences and Health Department, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez UniversityClinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez UniversityAbstract Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. It increases the risk of foot ulceration and falls. Management typically involves preventive strategies like patient education, risk stratification, and regular foot screenings. Exercise plays a key role in enhancing glycemic control and nerve function, reducing the risk of DPN and related complications. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the impact of different exercise interventions on patients with DPN. Methods The search was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, from the establishment of the database up to the search date (September 11, 2023). We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing exercise interventions in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and DPN. Studies were selected based on predefined PICO criteria. The methodological quality of included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results were synthesized narratively and categorized by exercise type and health outcome. Results Fourteen reviews were included, examining the effects of various exercise interventions. Duration ranged from one week to 12 months, and studies were conducted in multiple countries. Additionally, we extracted and reanalyzed individual results from 70 primary studies included within the reviews. Some meta-analyses reported significant improvements in fasting glucose and HbA1c (n = 1), neuropathic symptoms (n = 3), physical function (n = 1), static and dynamic balance (n = 2), range of motion (n = 1), and fear of falling (n = 1). No significant effects were found for BMI, ulcer incidence, adverse events, weight-bearing activity, quality of life, or forefoot plantar pressure (n = 1). Outcome assessment tools included the Biodex system (n = 9), single-leg stance (n = 8), Berg Balance Scale (n = 11), and Timed Up and Go (n = 13) for balance; nerve conduction velocity (n = 8), MNSI (n = 6), and Total Symptom Score (n = 3) for nerve function; fasting glucose (n = 3) and HbA1c (n = 5) for glycemic control. Other outcomes included muscle strength (n = 6), functional capacity (n = 6), pain (n = 6), and quality of life (n = 6). Conclusions Exercise training appears to have potential benefits for certain aspects of DPN, neuropathic symptoms, and functional capacity. However, the effects on glycemic control, fall risk reduction, and ulcer prevention remain inconclusive, with significant variability in study outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00863-4Diabetic peripheral neuropathyExerciseBalanceFallsSystematic reviewDiabetes
spellingShingle Alba Gracia-Sánchez
Adriana López-Pineda
Rauf Nouni-García
Sara Zúnica-García
Esther Chicharro-Luna
Vicente F. Gil-Guillén
Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review
Sports Medicine - Open
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Exercise
Balance
Falls
Systematic review
Diabetes
title Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review
title_full Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review
title_fullStr Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review
title_short Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review
title_sort impact of exercise training in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy an umbrella review
topic Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Exercise
Balance
Falls
Systematic review
Diabetes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00863-4
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