The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease
The human gut microbiota is a complex cluster composed of 100 trillion microorganisms, which holds a symbiotic relationship with the host under normal circumstances. Intestinal flora can facilitate the treatment of human metabolic dysfunctions and interact with the intestinal tract, which could infl...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516035 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849400588918325248 |
|---|---|
| author | Mingxuan Chi Kuai Ma Jing Wang Zhaolun Ding Yunlong Li Shaomi Zhu Xin Liang Qinxiu Zhang Linjiang Song Chi Liu |
| author_facet | Mingxuan Chi Kuai Ma Jing Wang Zhaolun Ding Yunlong Li Shaomi Zhu Xin Liang Qinxiu Zhang Linjiang Song Chi Liu |
| author_sort | Mingxuan Chi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human gut microbiota is a complex cluster composed of 100 trillion microorganisms, which holds a symbiotic relationship with the host under normal circumstances. Intestinal flora can facilitate the treatment of human metabolic dysfunctions and interact with the intestinal tract, which could influence intestinal tolerance, immunity, and sensitivity to inflammation. In recent years, significant interests have evolved on the association of intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases within the academic circle. Abnormal changes in intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in the bacterial translocation, production, and accumulation of dysbiotic gut-derived metabolites, such as urea, indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). These processes lead to the abnormal activation of immune cells; overproduction of antibodies, immune complexes, and inflammatory factors; and inflammatory cell infiltration that can directly or indirectly cause damage to the renal parenchyma. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of intestinal flora in the development and progression of several renal diseases, such as lupus nephritis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further research on these mechanisms should provide insights into the therapeutic potential of regulating intestinal flora and intervening related molecular targets for the abovementioned nephropathy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8703cae3ee4a414fae382c0395ebca0c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-8703cae3ee4a414fae382c0395ebca0c2025-08-20T03:37:57ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/55160355516035The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney DiseaseMingxuan Chi0Kuai Ma1Jing Wang2Zhaolun Ding3Yunlong Li4Shaomi Zhu5Xin Liang6Qinxiu Zhang7Linjiang Song8Chi Liu9Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, JapanReproductive Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaReproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaReproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaReproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaReproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaReproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaReproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaThe human gut microbiota is a complex cluster composed of 100 trillion microorganisms, which holds a symbiotic relationship with the host under normal circumstances. Intestinal flora can facilitate the treatment of human metabolic dysfunctions and interact with the intestinal tract, which could influence intestinal tolerance, immunity, and sensitivity to inflammation. In recent years, significant interests have evolved on the association of intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases within the academic circle. Abnormal changes in intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in the bacterial translocation, production, and accumulation of dysbiotic gut-derived metabolites, such as urea, indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). These processes lead to the abnormal activation of immune cells; overproduction of antibodies, immune complexes, and inflammatory factors; and inflammatory cell infiltration that can directly or indirectly cause damage to the renal parenchyma. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of intestinal flora in the development and progression of several renal diseases, such as lupus nephritis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further research on these mechanisms should provide insights into the therapeutic potential of regulating intestinal flora and intervening related molecular targets for the abovementioned nephropathy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516035 |
| spellingShingle | Mingxuan Chi Kuai Ma Jing Wang Zhaolun Ding Yunlong Li Shaomi Zhu Xin Liang Qinxiu Zhang Linjiang Song Chi Liu The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease |
| title_full | The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease |
| title_short | The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory effect of the gut microbiota in kidney disease |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516035 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingxuanchi theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT kuaima theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT jingwang theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT zhaolunding theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT yunlongli theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT shaomizhu theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT xinliang theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT qinxiuzhang theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT linjiangsong theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT chiliu theimmunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT mingxuanchi immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT kuaima immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT jingwang immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT zhaolunding immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT yunlongli immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT shaomizhu immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT xinliang immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT qinxiuzhang immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT linjiangsong immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease AT chiliu immunomodulatoryeffectofthegutmicrobiotainkidneydisease |