Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis
Encephalitis is characterized by inflammation of brain tissue and has various infectious and noninfectious causes. CSF analysis and MRI usually reveal inflammatory changes although sometimes brain imaging may be normal. Autoimmune encephalitis is caused by antibodies against neuronal synaptic recept...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2018-01-01
|
| Series: | Case Reports in Radiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3538645 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832545999523938304 |
|---|---|
| author | Deepak Vallabhaneni Muhammad Atif Naveed Rajiv Mangla Awss Zidan Rashi I. Mehta |
| author_facet | Deepak Vallabhaneni Muhammad Atif Naveed Rajiv Mangla Awss Zidan Rashi I. Mehta |
| author_sort | Deepak Vallabhaneni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Encephalitis is characterized by inflammation of brain tissue and has various infectious and noninfectious causes. CSF analysis and MRI usually reveal inflammatory changes although sometimes brain imaging may be normal. Autoimmune encephalitis is caused by antibodies against neuronal synaptic receptors, surface proteins, or intracellular proteins. In this case report, we present a 65-year-old female who presented with a fall and altered mental status. Workup for infectious etiologies was negative and MRI of the brain displayed focal restricted diffusion with corresponding T2-FLAIR hyperintensity involving gray matter structures, making the diagnosis unclear. CT perfusion of the brain demonstrated increased cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow in the left parietooccipital gray matter, with corresponding normal mean transit time. Following treatment failure with acyclovir, antibiotics, and steroids, the patient was found to be positive for GAD65 antibodies and diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. Symptoms markedly improved with plasmapheresis. Autoimmune encephalitis rarely causes restricted diffusion and this is the first case report to describe corresponding hyperperfusion on CT perfusion study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86fe152b77174abd8351508e22a8bab7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-6862 2090-6870 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Reports in Radiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-86fe152b77174abd8351508e22a8bab72025-02-03T07:24:07ZengWileyCase Reports in Radiology2090-68622090-68702018-01-01201810.1155/2018/35386453538645Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune EncephalitisDeepak Vallabhaneni0Muhammad Atif Naveed1Rajiv Mangla2Awss Zidan3Rashi I. Mehta4Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Radiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Radiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USADepartment of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Radiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USAEncephalitis is characterized by inflammation of brain tissue and has various infectious and noninfectious causes. CSF analysis and MRI usually reveal inflammatory changes although sometimes brain imaging may be normal. Autoimmune encephalitis is caused by antibodies against neuronal synaptic receptors, surface proteins, or intracellular proteins. In this case report, we present a 65-year-old female who presented with a fall and altered mental status. Workup for infectious etiologies was negative and MRI of the brain displayed focal restricted diffusion with corresponding T2-FLAIR hyperintensity involving gray matter structures, making the diagnosis unclear. CT perfusion of the brain demonstrated increased cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow in the left parietooccipital gray matter, with corresponding normal mean transit time. Following treatment failure with acyclovir, antibiotics, and steroids, the patient was found to be positive for GAD65 antibodies and diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. Symptoms markedly improved with plasmapheresis. Autoimmune encephalitis rarely causes restricted diffusion and this is the first case report to describe corresponding hyperperfusion on CT perfusion study.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3538645 |
| spellingShingle | Deepak Vallabhaneni Muhammad Atif Naveed Rajiv Mangla Awss Zidan Rashi I. Mehta Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis Case Reports in Radiology |
| title | Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_full | Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_fullStr | Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_short | Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_sort | perfusion imaging in autoimmune encephalitis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3538645 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT deepakvallabhaneni perfusionimaginginautoimmuneencephalitis AT muhammadatifnaveed perfusionimaginginautoimmuneencephalitis AT rajivmangla perfusionimaginginautoimmuneencephalitis AT awsszidan perfusionimaginginautoimmuneencephalitis AT rashiimehta perfusionimaginginautoimmuneencephalitis |