Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>

This study investigates the influence of varying nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios on the growth, nutritional composition, and nutrient removal efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i> under controlled laboratory conditions. Six treatments with N:P ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and a...

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Main Authors: Rapeepan Yongyod, Narong Kamolrat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sci
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2413-4155/7/2/53
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author Rapeepan Yongyod
Narong Kamolrat
author_facet Rapeepan Yongyod
Narong Kamolrat
author_sort Rapeepan Yongyod
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the influence of varying nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios on the growth, nutritional composition, and nutrient removal efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i> under controlled laboratory conditions. Six treatments with N:P ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and a control were evaluated. The findings indicate that a balanced N:P ratio (1:1) promotes optimal growth, resulting in the highest biomass yield and specific growth rate (SGR = 0.120 g/day). In contrast, a nitrogen-rich ratio (3:1) enhanced protein accumulation and phosphorus removal, while the 2:1 ratio favored nitrogen uptake. These results reflect underlying physiological responses, including nitrogen assimilation and phosphorus uptake mechanisms regulated by nutrient balance. A trade-off was observed between biomass production and phosphorus removal efficiency, suggesting that different N:P ratios may be suited to specific application goals. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how macronutrient balance affects growth and metabolism in <i>W. globosa</i> and offers practical implications for optimizing its use as both a sustainable protein source and a biological agent for nutrient remediation in wastewater treatment systems.
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spelling doaj-art-86f3a846cf3d472b96f198af510c60f82025-08-20T02:21:47ZengMDPI AGSci2413-41552025-05-01725310.3390/sci7020053Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>Rapeepan Yongyod0Narong Kamolrat1Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, ThailandFaculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, ThailandThis study investigates the influence of varying nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios on the growth, nutritional composition, and nutrient removal efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i> under controlled laboratory conditions. Six treatments with N:P ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and a control were evaluated. The findings indicate that a balanced N:P ratio (1:1) promotes optimal growth, resulting in the highest biomass yield and specific growth rate (SGR = 0.120 g/day). In contrast, a nitrogen-rich ratio (3:1) enhanced protein accumulation and phosphorus removal, while the 2:1 ratio favored nitrogen uptake. These results reflect underlying physiological responses, including nitrogen assimilation and phosphorus uptake mechanisms regulated by nutrient balance. A trade-off was observed between biomass production and phosphorus removal efficiency, suggesting that different N:P ratios may be suited to specific application goals. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how macronutrient balance affects growth and metabolism in <i>W. globosa</i> and offers practical implications for optimizing its use as both a sustainable protein source and a biological agent for nutrient remediation in wastewater treatment systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2413-4155/7/2/53<i>Wolffia globosa</i>nitrogenphosphorusgrowth performancenutritional valuenutrient removal efficiency
spellingShingle Rapeepan Yongyod
Narong Kamolrat
Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>
Sci
<i>Wolffia globosa</i>
nitrogen
phosphorus
growth performance
nutritional value
nutrient removal efficiency
title Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>
title_full Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>
title_fullStr Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>
title_short Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Ratios on the Growth, Nutritional Value, and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of <i>Wolffia globosa</i>
title_sort effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus ratios on the growth nutritional value and nutrient removal efficiency of i wolffia globosa i
topic <i>Wolffia globosa</i>
nitrogen
phosphorus
growth performance
nutritional value
nutrient removal efficiency
url https://www.mdpi.com/2413-4155/7/2/53
work_keys_str_mv AT rapeepanyongyod effectsofdifferentnitrogenandphosphorusratiosonthegrowthnutritionalvalueandnutrientremovalefficiencyofiwolffiaglobosai
AT narongkamolrat effectsofdifferentnitrogenandphosphorusratiosonthegrowthnutritionalvalueandnutrientremovalefficiencyofiwolffiaglobosai