Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model

Abstract Lattice gauge theories, the discrete counterparts of continuum gauge theories, provide a rich framework for studying non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Recent studies suggest disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model, but its origin remains unclear. Using a combination of ana...

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Main Authors: Jared Jeyaretnam, Tanmay Bhore, Jesse J. Osborne, Jad C. Halimeh, Zlatko Papić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Physics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02039-8
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author Jared Jeyaretnam
Tanmay Bhore
Jesse J. Osborne
Jad C. Halimeh
Zlatko Papić
author_facet Jared Jeyaretnam
Tanmay Bhore
Jesse J. Osborne
Jad C. Halimeh
Zlatko Papić
author_sort Jared Jeyaretnam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Lattice gauge theories, the discrete counterparts of continuum gauge theories, provide a rich framework for studying non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Recent studies suggest disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model, but its origin remains unclear. Using a combination of analytical and numerical methods, we show that Hilbert space fragmentation emerges in the strong coupling limit, constraining particle dynamics and causing sharp jumps in entanglement entropy growth within charge sectors. By analyzing jump statistics, we find that entanglement growth follows a single-logarithmic or weak power-law dependence on time, rather than a double-logarithmic form. This suggests a single ergodicity-breaking regime that mimics many-body localization in finite systems due to fragmentation effects. Our findings clarify the nature of disorder-free localization and its distinction from conventional many-body localization, highlighting how gauge constraints influence thermalization in lattice gauge theories.
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spelling doaj-art-86dfc8eca9d647d4b4ceaaeada5970fb2025-08-20T02:17:54ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Physics2399-36502025-04-018111310.1038/s42005-025-02039-8Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger modelJared Jeyaretnam0Tanmay Bhore1Jesse J. Osborne2Jad C. Halimeh3Zlatko Papić4School of Physics and Astronomy, University of LeedsSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of LeedsSchool of Mathematics and Physics, The University of QueenslandMax Planck Institute of Quantum OpticsSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of LeedsAbstract Lattice gauge theories, the discrete counterparts of continuum gauge theories, provide a rich framework for studying non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Recent studies suggest disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model, but its origin remains unclear. Using a combination of analytical and numerical methods, we show that Hilbert space fragmentation emerges in the strong coupling limit, constraining particle dynamics and causing sharp jumps in entanglement entropy growth within charge sectors. By analyzing jump statistics, we find that entanglement growth follows a single-logarithmic or weak power-law dependence on time, rather than a double-logarithmic form. This suggests a single ergodicity-breaking regime that mimics many-body localization in finite systems due to fragmentation effects. Our findings clarify the nature of disorder-free localization and its distinction from conventional many-body localization, highlighting how gauge constraints influence thermalization in lattice gauge theories.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02039-8
spellingShingle Jared Jeyaretnam
Tanmay Bhore
Jesse J. Osborne
Jad C. Halimeh
Zlatko Papić
Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
Communications Physics
title Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
title_full Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
title_fullStr Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
title_full_unstemmed Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
title_short Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
title_sort hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder free localization in the lattice schwinger model
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02039-8
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