Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of emulsion gels is expected to achieve a flexible design of dysphagia diets for individuals with difficulty in swallowing. In this study, the 3D bioprinting of emulsion gels have been achieved using radiofrequency (RF) and microwaves (MW). The textural pr...

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Main Authors: Shuntaro Tsubaki, Ayane Ide, Daniel R. Slocombe, Oliver Castell, Ibrahim Maamoun, Noriyuki Igura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06804-1
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author Shuntaro Tsubaki
Ayane Ide
Daniel R. Slocombe
Oliver Castell
Ibrahim Maamoun
Noriyuki Igura
author_facet Shuntaro Tsubaki
Ayane Ide
Daniel R. Slocombe
Oliver Castell
Ibrahim Maamoun
Noriyuki Igura
author_sort Shuntaro Tsubaki
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of emulsion gels is expected to achieve a flexible design of dysphagia diets for individuals with difficulty in swallowing. In this study, the 3D bioprinting of emulsion gels have been achieved using radiofrequency (RF) and microwaves (MW). The textural properties were controlled using different RF and MW frequencies. The structure of an emulsion gel ink was composed of ovalbumin, xanthan gum, MgCl2, Tween 80, and canola oil, satisfying the dysphagia diet criteria. The RF treatment at 200 MHz effectively improved the hardness of the emulsion gel by forming thick fibrous aggregates of ovalbumin and ovotransferrin. A 3D-bioprinting system equipped with LEGO Mindstorm EV3 and RF/MW heating was developed in this study to prepare structured emulsion gels. The properties of the 3D-printed gels were found to be equivalent to those of the gels obtained by batch RF/MW heating, satisfying the standards of textural properties for dysphagia diets. The developed RF/MW 3D-bioprinting of hydrogels can be further applied to products such as artificial or cultured meats.
format Article
id doaj-art-86d9e4971b81452683b7b191c7e2b7fd
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-86d9e4971b81452683b7b191c7e2b7fd2025-08-20T04:02:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-06804-1Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia dietsShuntaro Tsubaki0Ayane Ide1Daniel R. Slocombe2Oliver Castell3Ibrahim Maamoun4Noriyuki Igura5Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu UniversityGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu UniversitySchool of Engineering, Cardiff UniversitySchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff UniversityFaculty of Agriculture, Kyushu UniversityFaculty of Agriculture, Kyushu UniversityAbstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of emulsion gels is expected to achieve a flexible design of dysphagia diets for individuals with difficulty in swallowing. In this study, the 3D bioprinting of emulsion gels have been achieved using radiofrequency (RF) and microwaves (MW). The textural properties were controlled using different RF and MW frequencies. The structure of an emulsion gel ink was composed of ovalbumin, xanthan gum, MgCl2, Tween 80, and canola oil, satisfying the dysphagia diet criteria. The RF treatment at 200 MHz effectively improved the hardness of the emulsion gel by forming thick fibrous aggregates of ovalbumin and ovotransferrin. A 3D-bioprinting system equipped with LEGO Mindstorm EV3 and RF/MW heating was developed in this study to prepare structured emulsion gels. The properties of the 3D-printed gels were found to be equivalent to those of the gels obtained by batch RF/MW heating, satisfying the standards of textural properties for dysphagia diets. The developed RF/MW 3D-bioprinting of hydrogels can be further applied to products such as artificial or cultured meats.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06804-1MicrowavesRadiofrequencyEmulsion gelElectric field3D bioprinting
spellingShingle Shuntaro Tsubaki
Ayane Ide
Daniel R. Slocombe
Oliver Castell
Ibrahim Maamoun
Noriyuki Igura
Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets
Scientific Reports
Microwaves
Radiofrequency
Emulsion gel
Electric field
3D bioprinting
title Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets
title_full Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets
title_fullStr Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets
title_full_unstemmed Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets
title_short Radiofrequency and microwave 3D bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets
title_sort radiofrequency and microwave 3d bioprinting of emulsion gel for dysphagia diets
topic Microwaves
Radiofrequency
Emulsion gel
Electric field
3D bioprinting
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06804-1
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