Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort

ABSTRACT Introduction Hypertension may delay the detection of metastatic cancers. We investigated the association between incident hypertension and the risk of metastatic onset among female cancer patients. We studied notably the role of anti‐hypertensive treatment and the time between hypertension...

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Main Authors: Aviane Auguste, Anna Jansana, Heinz Freisling, Pietro Ferrari, Nasser Laouali, Gianluca Severi, Marina Kvaskoff
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Cancer Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71021
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author Aviane Auguste
Anna Jansana
Heinz Freisling
Pietro Ferrari
Nasser Laouali
Gianluca Severi
Marina Kvaskoff
author_facet Aviane Auguste
Anna Jansana
Heinz Freisling
Pietro Ferrari
Nasser Laouali
Gianluca Severi
Marina Kvaskoff
author_sort Aviane Auguste
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Introduction Hypertension may delay the detection of metastatic cancers. We investigated the association between incident hypertension and the risk of metastatic onset among female cancer patients. We studied notably the role of anti‐hypertensive treatment and the time between hypertension onset and cancer diagnosis in this association. Methods E3N is a French prospective population‐based cohort that recruited 98,995 women in 1990. A total of 7844 incident invasive cancers were examined. We used multivariate logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also used restricted cubic splines to evaluate the nonlinear dose–response associations between hypertension duration and the risk of metastatic onset (vs. localised stage). Results A total of 1994 cases (25%) of incident hypertension occurred before cancer diagnosis. Compared to non‐hypertensive patients, those with untreated hypertension presented more frequently with metastatic cancer among patients who regularly underwent cancer screening (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.11–2.58). This association was inverse among those who did not screen regularly (OR = 0.53, 95 CI = 0.29‐0.98). Treated hypertensive patients had significantly greater odds of metastatic presentation for thyroid (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.01–5.91) and lower odds for lung (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06–0.52) cancer. A significant inverse U‐shaped association with time from hypertension onset (p = 0.01) was observed. Conclusion In this study, hypertension was associated with metastatic cancer presentation, but cancer screening determined the direction of the association. Time from hypertension onset was inversely associated with metastatic lung cancer, with a significant nonlinear dose–response relationship. Our findings call for further research in this area to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03285230
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spelling doaj-art-86d019461ed846cb9937aa6e4dae60fa2025-08-20T03:06:40ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342025-08-011415n/an/a10.1002/cam4.71021Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective CohortAviane Auguste0Anna Jansana1Heinz Freisling2Pietro Ferrari3Nasser Laouali4Gianluca Severi5Marina Kvaskoff6UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP Université Paris‐Saclay Villejuif FranceNutrition and Metabolism Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization Lyon FranceNutrition and Metabolism Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization Lyon FranceNutrition and Metabolism Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization Lyon FranceUVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP Université Paris‐Saclay Villejuif FranceUVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP Université Paris‐Saclay Villejuif FranceUVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP Université Paris‐Saclay Villejuif FranceABSTRACT Introduction Hypertension may delay the detection of metastatic cancers. We investigated the association between incident hypertension and the risk of metastatic onset among female cancer patients. We studied notably the role of anti‐hypertensive treatment and the time between hypertension onset and cancer diagnosis in this association. Methods E3N is a French prospective population‐based cohort that recruited 98,995 women in 1990. A total of 7844 incident invasive cancers were examined. We used multivariate logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also used restricted cubic splines to evaluate the nonlinear dose–response associations between hypertension duration and the risk of metastatic onset (vs. localised stage). Results A total of 1994 cases (25%) of incident hypertension occurred before cancer diagnosis. Compared to non‐hypertensive patients, those with untreated hypertension presented more frequently with metastatic cancer among patients who regularly underwent cancer screening (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.11–2.58). This association was inverse among those who did not screen regularly (OR = 0.53, 95 CI = 0.29‐0.98). Treated hypertensive patients had significantly greater odds of metastatic presentation for thyroid (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.01–5.91) and lower odds for lung (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06–0.52) cancer. A significant inverse U‐shaped association with time from hypertension onset (p = 0.01) was observed. Conclusion In this study, hypertension was associated with metastatic cancer presentation, but cancer screening determined the direction of the association. Time from hypertension onset was inversely associated with metastatic lung cancer, with a significant nonlinear dose–response relationship. Our findings call for further research in this area to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03285230https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71021cancercancer screeningcomorbiditiesearly diagnosisFrancehypertension
spellingShingle Aviane Auguste
Anna Jansana
Heinz Freisling
Pietro Ferrari
Nasser Laouali
Gianluca Severi
Marina Kvaskoff
Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort
Cancer Medicine
cancer
cancer screening
comorbidities
early diagnosis
France
hypertension
title Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort
title_full Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort
title_fullStr Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort
title_short Impact of Hypertension on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among French Women: The E3N Prospective Cohort
title_sort impact of hypertension on cancer stage at diagnosis among french women the e3n prospective cohort
topic cancer
cancer screening
comorbidities
early diagnosis
France
hypertension
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71021
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