Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control

Expanding wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) capacity is an effective approach to control combined sewer overflow. However, this often leads to low-load operation in dry weather and sudden peak flow during rainfall, with limited research on their impacts on WWTP performance. In this study, the design...

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Main Authors: Xiaomeng Han, Tianyue Yu, Weigang Wang, Shihu Shu, Yanping Zhu, Hui Li, Caihao Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Desalination and Water Treatment
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001638
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author Xiaomeng Han
Tianyue Yu
Weigang Wang
Shihu Shu
Yanping Zhu
Hui Li
Caihao Hu
author_facet Xiaomeng Han
Tianyue Yu
Weigang Wang
Shihu Shu
Yanping Zhu
Hui Li
Caihao Hu
author_sort Xiaomeng Han
collection DOAJ
description Expanding wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) capacity is an effective approach to control combined sewer overflow. However, this often leads to low-load operation in dry weather and sudden peak flow during rainfall, with limited research on their impacts on WWTP performance. In this study, the design capacity of pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic reactors was same as the peak flow, while the actual inflow rate was 70 % and 50 % of the design capacity in Reactor 1 (R1) and Reactor 2 (R2), respectively. After a period of operation, the influent flow was increased to 100 % of design capacity following rainfall. Results showed R1 maintained stable pollutant removal, sludge characteristics, and bacterial community structure, showing resilience to shock load. Nevertheless, R2 experienced reduced COD, NH4+-N and TN removal efficiency, along with fluctuations in sludge concentration, activity, floc size, soluble microbial products (SMP), and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The bacterial communities associated with pollutant removal, filamentous bacteria, and EPS synthesis underwent significant changes, which might contribute to the performance difference. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining operational flows at no less than 70 % of peak flow to ensure stability under shock load. Operating at 50 % capacity may reduce resilience to the peak flow induced by rainfall.
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spelling doaj-art-86cbafcd6b9c45219be817d9765296752025-08-20T02:32:04ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862025-04-0132210114710.1016/j.dwt.2025.101147Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow controlXiaomeng Han0Tianyue Yu1Weigang Wang2Shihu Shu3Yanping Zhu4Hui Li5Caihao Hu6College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Urban Water Resources Development and Utilization National Engineering Center Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Correspondence to: No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Correspondence to: No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaExpanding wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) capacity is an effective approach to control combined sewer overflow. However, this often leads to low-load operation in dry weather and sudden peak flow during rainfall, with limited research on their impacts on WWTP performance. In this study, the design capacity of pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic reactors was same as the peak flow, while the actual inflow rate was 70 % and 50 % of the design capacity in Reactor 1 (R1) and Reactor 2 (R2), respectively. After a period of operation, the influent flow was increased to 100 % of design capacity following rainfall. Results showed R1 maintained stable pollutant removal, sludge characteristics, and bacterial community structure, showing resilience to shock load. Nevertheless, R2 experienced reduced COD, NH4+-N and TN removal efficiency, along with fluctuations in sludge concentration, activity, floc size, soluble microbial products (SMP), and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The bacterial communities associated with pollutant removal, filamentous bacteria, and EPS synthesis underwent significant changes, which might contribute to the performance difference. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining operational flows at no less than 70 % of peak flow to ensure stability under shock load. Operating at 50 % capacity may reduce resilience to the peak flow induced by rainfall.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001638Wastewater treatment plantLow loadInfluent shock loadResilienceSludge characteristicsBacterial community
spellingShingle Xiaomeng Han
Tianyue Yu
Weigang Wang
Shihu Shu
Yanping Zhu
Hui Li
Caihao Hu
Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control
Desalination and Water Treatment
Wastewater treatment plant
Low load
Influent shock load
Resilience
Sludge characteristics
Bacterial community
title Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control
title_full Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control
title_fullStr Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control
title_full_unstemmed Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control
title_short Shock load effects on WWTP performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control
title_sort shock load effects on wwtp performance under low loads following capacity expansion for combined sewer overflow control
topic Wastewater treatment plant
Low load
Influent shock load
Resilience
Sludge characteristics
Bacterial community
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001638
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