Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from China

Abstract HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare type of lymphoma with poor prognosis. β2-microglobulin (β2-M) is elevated in people living with HIV, but its prognostic significance in HIV-associated DLBCL remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 89 HIV-associated DLBCL pa...

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Main Authors: Xinyi Tang, Tingting Jiang, Bingling Guo, Jun Liu, Chaoyu Wang, Yakun Zhang, Shuang Chen, Yu Peng, Xiaomei Zhang, Jun Li, Yao Liu, Zailin Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99888-8
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author Xinyi Tang
Tingting Jiang
Bingling Guo
Jun Liu
Chaoyu Wang
Yakun Zhang
Shuang Chen
Yu Peng
Xiaomei Zhang
Jun Li
Yao Liu
Zailin Yang
author_facet Xinyi Tang
Tingting Jiang
Bingling Guo
Jun Liu
Chaoyu Wang
Yakun Zhang
Shuang Chen
Yu Peng
Xiaomei Zhang
Jun Li
Yao Liu
Zailin Yang
author_sort Xinyi Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare type of lymphoma with poor prognosis. β2-microglobulin (β2-M) is elevated in people living with HIV, but its prognostic significance in HIV-associated DLBCL remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 89 HIV-associated DLBCL patients treated at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between October 2012 and December 2023. The primary outcome was the clinical overall survival (OS) rate. The optimal cut-off value of β2-M was determined to be 5 mg/L. Compared to the low serum β2-M group (< 5 mg/L), patients in the high serum β2-M group (≥ 5 mg/L) had a higher International Prognostic Index (IPI)/ age adjusted IPI (aaIPI) score, more B symptoms, lower CD4+T cell counts, and higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Patients in high group exhibited poorer OS, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of 33.4%, 22.8%, and 18.2%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified serum β2-M ≥ 5 mg/L as an independent risk factor influencing OS of this patient group. Moreover, CD8+T cell count < 392 cells/µL, LDH ≥ 375 U/L, and non-receipt of standard treatment were also independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that these four independent risk factors accurately predicted survival in HIV-associated DLBCL. 5 mg/L threshold for serum β2-M was associated with poor OS in HIV-associated DLBCL, indicating it could serve as a novel biomarker for assessing their prognosis.
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spelling doaj-art-86c9ed21bbed48568114f1067db7b6f32025-08-20T03:09:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-99888-8Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from ChinaXinyi Tang0Tingting Jiang1Bingling Guo2Jun Liu3Chaoyu Wang4Yakun Zhang5Shuang Chen6Yu Peng7Xiaomei Zhang8Jun Li9Yao Liu10Zailin Yang11School of Medicine, Chongqing UniversityDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalSchool of Medicine, Chongqing UniversityDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalAbstract HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare type of lymphoma with poor prognosis. β2-microglobulin (β2-M) is elevated in people living with HIV, but its prognostic significance in HIV-associated DLBCL remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 89 HIV-associated DLBCL patients treated at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between October 2012 and December 2023. The primary outcome was the clinical overall survival (OS) rate. The optimal cut-off value of β2-M was determined to be 5 mg/L. Compared to the low serum β2-M group (< 5 mg/L), patients in the high serum β2-M group (≥ 5 mg/L) had a higher International Prognostic Index (IPI)/ age adjusted IPI (aaIPI) score, more B symptoms, lower CD4+T cell counts, and higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Patients in high group exhibited poorer OS, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of 33.4%, 22.8%, and 18.2%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified serum β2-M ≥ 5 mg/L as an independent risk factor influencing OS of this patient group. Moreover, CD8+T cell count < 392 cells/µL, LDH ≥ 375 U/L, and non-receipt of standard treatment were also independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that these four independent risk factors accurately predicted survival in HIV-associated DLBCL. 5 mg/L threshold for serum β2-M was associated with poor OS in HIV-associated DLBCL, indicating it could serve as a novel biomarker for assessing their prognosis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99888-8β2-MHIVDLBCLOverall survival
spellingShingle Xinyi Tang
Tingting Jiang
Bingling Guo
Jun Liu
Chaoyu Wang
Yakun Zhang
Shuang Chen
Yu Peng
Xiaomei Zhang
Jun Li
Yao Liu
Zailin Yang
Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from China
Scientific Reports
β2-M
HIV
DLBCL
Overall survival
title Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from China
title_full Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from China
title_fullStr Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from China
title_full_unstemmed Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from China
title_short Serum β2-microglobulin level is associated with the survival of HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from China
title_sort serum β2 microglobulin level is associated with the survival of hiv associated diffuse large b cell lymphoma a retrospective study from china
topic β2-M
HIV
DLBCL
Overall survival
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99888-8
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