The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal

The formation of barium sulfate scale is a persistent and formidable challenge across various industrial processes. In order to effectively mitigate this problem, this study proposed the development of an innovative azacrown ether-based macrocycle descaling agent. Using density functional theory, an...

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Main Authors: Da Wu, Dexin Liu, Minghua Shi, Jiaqiang Wang, Han Zhao, Yeliang Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5167
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author Da Wu
Dexin Liu
Minghua Shi
Jiaqiang Wang
Han Zhao
Yeliang Dong
author_facet Da Wu
Dexin Liu
Minghua Shi
Jiaqiang Wang
Han Zhao
Yeliang Dong
author_sort Da Wu
collection DOAJ
description The formation of barium sulfate scale is a persistent and formidable challenge across various industrial processes. In order to effectively mitigate this problem, this study proposed the development of an innovative azacrown ether-based macrocycle descaling agent. Using density functional theory, an in-depth analysis of the surface energy of different barium sulfate crystal facets was carried out, together with a detailed investigation into the adsorption properties of the functional groups on the (001) surface. A further comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine how changes in the nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the crown ether framework influence its adsorption affinity to barium ions. In addition, a detailed analysis was carried out to elucidate the molecular interactions between crown ethers with pyridine carboxylic acid side chains and barium sulfate. The newly developed decalcifying macrocycle descaling agent exhibited superior adsorption performance, achieving an adsorption energy for barium ions approximately −4.1512 ev higher than that of conventional DTPA decalcifiers. This remarkable improvement is mainly attributed to the pivotal role of electrostatic forces in the coordination process between the macrocycle descaling agent and barium ions, with an electrostatic potential value reaching −143.37 kcal/mol. This discovery not only introduces a novel approach to the removal of barium sulfate scale but also highlights the significant potential of macrocycle chemistry in industrial applications.
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issn 1420-3049
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publishDate 2024-10-01
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spelling doaj-art-86c6c33d82df439db7a2902a5985c2802025-08-20T02:49:55ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-10-012921516710.3390/molecules29215167The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale RemovalDa Wu0Dexin Liu1Minghua Shi2Jiaqiang Wang3Han Zhao4Yeliang Dong5State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaThe formation of barium sulfate scale is a persistent and formidable challenge across various industrial processes. In order to effectively mitigate this problem, this study proposed the development of an innovative azacrown ether-based macrocycle descaling agent. Using density functional theory, an in-depth analysis of the surface energy of different barium sulfate crystal facets was carried out, together with a detailed investigation into the adsorption properties of the functional groups on the (001) surface. A further comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine how changes in the nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the crown ether framework influence its adsorption affinity to barium ions. In addition, a detailed analysis was carried out to elucidate the molecular interactions between crown ethers with pyridine carboxylic acid side chains and barium sulfate. The newly developed decalcifying macrocycle descaling agent exhibited superior adsorption performance, achieving an adsorption energy for barium ions approximately −4.1512 ev higher than that of conventional DTPA decalcifiers. This remarkable improvement is mainly attributed to the pivotal role of electrostatic forces in the coordination process between the macrocycle descaling agent and barium ions, with an electrostatic potential value reaching −143.37 kcal/mol. This discovery not only introduces a novel approach to the removal of barium sulfate scale but also highlights the significant potential of macrocycle chemistry in industrial applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5167density functional theoryadsorption energymacrocyclebarium sulfate
spellingShingle Da Wu
Dexin Liu
Minghua Shi
Jiaqiang Wang
Han Zhao
Yeliang Dong
The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal
Molecules
density functional theory
adsorption energy
macrocycle
barium sulfate
title The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal
title_full The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal
title_fullStr The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal
title_full_unstemmed The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal
title_short The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal
title_sort molecular design of a macrocycle descaling agent based on azacrown and the mechanism of barium sulfate scale removal
topic density functional theory
adsorption energy
macrocycle
barium sulfate
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5167
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