Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1)
<p>Nitrogen (N) transformation processes by soil microbes account for significant nitrous oxide (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O) emissions from natural ecosystems and cropland. However, understanding and quantifying global soil N<span cl...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Geoscientific Model Development |
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| author | J. Ma A. Arneth A. Arneth B. Smith B. Smith P. Anthoni Xu-Ri P. Eliasson D. Wårlind M. Wittenbrink S. Olin |
| author_facet | J. Ma A. Arneth A. Arneth B. Smith B. Smith P. Anthoni Xu-Ri P. Eliasson D. Wårlind M. Wittenbrink S. Olin |
| author_sort | J. Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Nitrogen (N) transformation processes by soil microbes account for significant nitrous oxide (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O) emissions from natural ecosystems and cropland. However, understanding and quantifying global soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions and their responses to changing environmental conditions remain challenging. Here, we implemented a soil nitrification–denitrification module into the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS to estimate N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions from global lands. The performance of this new development is examined using observed N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O fluxes from natural-soil and cropland field trials and independent global-scale estimates. LPJ-GUESS broadly reproduces the cumulative N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions under different climate conditions and N fertilizer applications that are observed in the field experiments, with some deviations in emission seasonality. Globally, simulated soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions from terrestrial ecosystems increase from <span class="inline-formula">5.6±0.2</span> Tg N yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in the 1960s to <span class="inline-formula">9.9±0.3</span> Tg N yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in the 2010s, with croplands contributing about two-thirds of the total increase. East Asia and South Asia show the fastest growth rates in N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions over the study period due to the expansion of fertilized croplands. On a global scale, N fertilization (including synthetic fertilizer and manure use), atmospheric N deposition, and climate change contribute 58 %, 46 %, and 24 %, respectively, to the simulated soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions in the 2010s. Rising CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> levels in the atmosphere reduce the simulated emissions by 32 % through increased plant N uptake, whereas land use changes have varied spatial effects on emissions depending on N management intensity after land cover conversion. Our estimates only account for the direct soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions, excluding those from fertilized pastures. This study highlights the importance of environmental factors in influencing global soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions, particularly for assessing greenhouse gas mitigation potential in agricultural ecosystems.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86b94bfab4cd4860bea42499c9e7d695 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1991-959X 1991-9603 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Geoscientific Model Development |
| spelling | doaj-art-86b94bfab4cd4860bea42499c9e7d6952025-08-20T03:05:50ZengCopernicus PublicationsGeoscientific Model Development1991-959X1991-96032025-05-01183131315510.5194/gmd-18-3131-2025Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1)J. Ma0A. Arneth1A. Arneth2B. Smith3B. Smith4P. Anthoni5Xu-Ri6P. Eliasson7D. Wårlind8M. Wittenbrink9S. Olin10Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, Global Land-Ecosystem Modelling group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, Global Land-Ecosystem Modelling group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyInstitute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, AustraliaDepartment of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Science, Lund University, Lund, SwedenInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, Global Land-Ecosystem Modelling group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyKey Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, BotswanaDepartment of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Science, Lund University, Lund, SwedenInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, Global Land-Ecosystem Modelling group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyDepartment of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden<p>Nitrogen (N) transformation processes by soil microbes account for significant nitrous oxide (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O) emissions from natural ecosystems and cropland. However, understanding and quantifying global soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions and their responses to changing environmental conditions remain challenging. Here, we implemented a soil nitrification–denitrification module into the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS to estimate N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions from global lands. The performance of this new development is examined using observed N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O fluxes from natural-soil and cropland field trials and independent global-scale estimates. LPJ-GUESS broadly reproduces the cumulative N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions under different climate conditions and N fertilizer applications that are observed in the field experiments, with some deviations in emission seasonality. Globally, simulated soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions from terrestrial ecosystems increase from <span class="inline-formula">5.6±0.2</span> Tg N yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in the 1960s to <span class="inline-formula">9.9±0.3</span> Tg N yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in the 2010s, with croplands contributing about two-thirds of the total increase. East Asia and South Asia show the fastest growth rates in N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions over the study period due to the expansion of fertilized croplands. On a global scale, N fertilization (including synthetic fertilizer and manure use), atmospheric N deposition, and climate change contribute 58 %, 46 %, and 24 %, respectively, to the simulated soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions in the 2010s. Rising CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> levels in the atmosphere reduce the simulated emissions by 32 % through increased plant N uptake, whereas land use changes have varied spatial effects on emissions depending on N management intensity after land cover conversion. Our estimates only account for the direct soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions, excluding those from fertilized pastures. This study highlights the importance of environmental factors in influencing global soil N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions, particularly for assessing greenhouse gas mitigation potential in agricultural ecosystems.</p>https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/18/3131/2025/gmd-18-3131-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. Ma A. Arneth A. Arneth B. Smith B. Smith P. Anthoni Xu-Ri P. Eliasson D. Wårlind M. Wittenbrink S. Olin Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) Geoscientific Model Development |
| title | Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) |
| title_full | Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) |
| title_fullStr | Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) |
| title_short | Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) |
| title_sort | soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the lpj guess model v4 1 |
| url | https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/18/3131/2025/gmd-18-3131-2025.pdf |
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