Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for Improvement
Recently, the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and intelligent driver assistance systems has drawn significant attention from the public. Despite these advancements, AVs may encounter critical situations in real-world scenarios that can lead to severe traffic accidents. This review paper inv...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Future Transportation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/2/39 |
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| author | Shahriar Austin Beigi Byungkyu Brian Park |
| author_facet | Shahriar Austin Beigi Byungkyu Brian Park |
| author_sort | Shahriar Austin Beigi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and intelligent driver assistance systems has drawn significant attention from the public. Despite these advancements, AVs may encounter critical situations in real-world scenarios that can lead to severe traffic accidents. This review paper investigated these critical scenarios, categorizing them under weather conditions, environmental factors, and infrastructure challenges. Factors such as attenuation and scattering severely influence the performance of sensors and AVs, which can be affected by rain, snow, fog, and sandstorms. GPS and sensor signals can be disturbed in urban canyons and forested regions, which pose vehicle localization and navigation problems. Both roadway infrastructure issues, like inadequate signage and poor road conditions, are major challenges to AV sensors and navigation systems. This paper presented a survey of existing technologies and methods that can be used to overcome these challenges, evaluating their effectiveness, and reviewing current research to improve AVs’ robustness and dependability under such critical situations. This systematic review compares the current state of sensor technologies, fusion techniques, and adaptive algorithms to highlight advances and identify continuing challenges for the field. The method involved categorizing sensor robustness, infrastructure adaptation, and algorithmic improvement progress. The results show promise for advancements in dynamic infrastructure and V2I systems but pose challenges to overcoming sensor failures in extreme weather and on non-maintained roads. Such results highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and real-world validation. Moreover, the review presents future research lines to improve how AVs overcome environmental and infrastructural adversities. This review concludes with actionable recommendations for upgrading physical and digital infrastructures, adaptive sensors, and algorithmic upgrades. Such research is important for AV technology to remain in the zone of advancement and stability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86b2eeb1d73745dc9c33cadeb41efb78 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-7590 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Future Transportation |
| spelling | doaj-art-86b2eeb1d73745dc9c33cadeb41efb782025-08-20T03:27:18ZengMDPI AGFuture Transportation2673-75902025-04-01523910.3390/futuretransp5020039Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for ImprovementShahriar Austin Beigi0Byungkyu Brian Park1Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USARecently, the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and intelligent driver assistance systems has drawn significant attention from the public. Despite these advancements, AVs may encounter critical situations in real-world scenarios that can lead to severe traffic accidents. This review paper investigated these critical scenarios, categorizing them under weather conditions, environmental factors, and infrastructure challenges. Factors such as attenuation and scattering severely influence the performance of sensors and AVs, which can be affected by rain, snow, fog, and sandstorms. GPS and sensor signals can be disturbed in urban canyons and forested regions, which pose vehicle localization and navigation problems. Both roadway infrastructure issues, like inadequate signage and poor road conditions, are major challenges to AV sensors and navigation systems. This paper presented a survey of existing technologies and methods that can be used to overcome these challenges, evaluating their effectiveness, and reviewing current research to improve AVs’ robustness and dependability under such critical situations. This systematic review compares the current state of sensor technologies, fusion techniques, and adaptive algorithms to highlight advances and identify continuing challenges for the field. The method involved categorizing sensor robustness, infrastructure adaptation, and algorithmic improvement progress. The results show promise for advancements in dynamic infrastructure and V2I systems but pose challenges to overcoming sensor failures in extreme weather and on non-maintained roads. Such results highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and real-world validation. Moreover, the review presents future research lines to improve how AVs overcome environmental and infrastructural adversities. This review concludes with actionable recommendations for upgrading physical and digital infrastructures, adaptive sensors, and algorithmic upgrades. Such research is important for AV technology to remain in the zone of advancement and stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/2/39autonomous vehiclessensor technologyadverse weatherroadway infrastructurecomplex environments |
| spellingShingle | Shahriar Austin Beigi Byungkyu Brian Park Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for Improvement Future Transportation autonomous vehicles sensor technology adverse weather roadway infrastructure complex environments |
| title | Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for Improvement |
| title_full | Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for Improvement |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for Improvement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for Improvement |
| title_short | Impact of Critical Situations on Autonomous Vehicles and Strategies for Improvement |
| title_sort | impact of critical situations on autonomous vehicles and strategies for improvement |
| topic | autonomous vehicles sensor technology adverse weather roadway infrastructure complex environments |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/2/39 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shahriaraustinbeigi impactofcriticalsituationsonautonomousvehiclesandstrategiesforimprovement AT byungkyubrianpark impactofcriticalsituationsonautonomousvehiclesandstrategiesforimprovement |