Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract The biotransformation of primaquine is mediated by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes and monoamine oxygenase A (MAO-A). Polymorphisms in the genes that encode these enzymes can alter the clinical response of patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, leading to therapeutic failure and recurrences...

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Main Authors: Gabrielly S. da Silva, Flávia A. Fontenelle, Amanda O. Carvalho, Marielle M. Macêdo, Manuela C. Morais, Rebeca L. Abreu Netto, Victor I. Mwangi, Maria G. C. Alecrim, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares, Anne C. G. de Almeida, Gisely Cardoso de Melo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94679-7
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author Gabrielly S. da Silva
Flávia A. Fontenelle
Amanda O. Carvalho
Marielle M. Macêdo
Manuela C. Morais
Rebeca L. Abreu Netto
Victor I. Mwangi
Maria G. C. Alecrim
Marcus V. G. Lacerda
Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares
Anne C. G. de Almeida
Gisely Cardoso de Melo
author_facet Gabrielly S. da Silva
Flávia A. Fontenelle
Amanda O. Carvalho
Marielle M. Macêdo
Manuela C. Morais
Rebeca L. Abreu Netto
Victor I. Mwangi
Maria G. C. Alecrim
Marcus V. G. Lacerda
Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares
Anne C. G. de Almeida
Gisely Cardoso de Melo
author_sort Gabrielly S. da Silva
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The biotransformation of primaquine is mediated by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes and monoamine oxygenase A (MAO-A). Polymorphisms in the genes that encode these enzymes can alter the clinical response of patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, leading to therapeutic failure and recurrences. This study aimed to investigate the influence of variations in CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genes on recurrences of vivax malaria. In this case-control study, 72 individuals with vivax malaria were divided into two groups: 18 recurrences and 54 non-recurrences cases. Genotyping of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 was performed using a TaqMan assay and Real-time PCR. The frequency of CYP2D6 alleles was similar between the groups, except for the reduced-function allele *4, which was more frequent in the recurrence group (p = 0.019). Furthermore, the CYP2D6 normal metabolizers (gNM) phenotype had a higher frequency in individuals without recurrence (p = 0.039). An association was found between mutated MAOA genotypes (CC + CT) and a shorter time to recurrence compared to the wild-type (p = 0.0437). However, no association was found between UGT2B7 genotypes and recurrence. These findings suggest that genetic variations in both CYP2D6 and MAOA may contribute to the therapeutic failure of primaquine, reinforcing the importance of pharmacogenetics in monitoring antimalarial therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-86b0aeb4f51c4d8a9cf2a765bd7bfbe42025-08-20T01:47:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-94679-7Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian AmazonGabrielly S. da Silva0Flávia A. Fontenelle1Amanda O. Carvalho2Marielle M. Macêdo3Manuela C. Morais4Rebeca L. Abreu Netto5Victor I. Mwangi6Maria G. C. Alecrim7Marcus V. G. Lacerda8Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares9Anne C. G. de Almeida10Gisely Cardoso de Melo11Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do AmazonasFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoDepartamento de Patologia, Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoFundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira DouradoAbstract The biotransformation of primaquine is mediated by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes and monoamine oxygenase A (MAO-A). Polymorphisms in the genes that encode these enzymes can alter the clinical response of patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, leading to therapeutic failure and recurrences. This study aimed to investigate the influence of variations in CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genes on recurrences of vivax malaria. In this case-control study, 72 individuals with vivax malaria were divided into two groups: 18 recurrences and 54 non-recurrences cases. Genotyping of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 was performed using a TaqMan assay and Real-time PCR. The frequency of CYP2D6 alleles was similar between the groups, except for the reduced-function allele *4, which was more frequent in the recurrence group (p = 0.019). Furthermore, the CYP2D6 normal metabolizers (gNM) phenotype had a higher frequency in individuals without recurrence (p = 0.039). An association was found between mutated MAOA genotypes (CC + CT) and a shorter time to recurrence compared to the wild-type (p = 0.0437). However, no association was found between UGT2B7 genotypes and recurrence. These findings suggest that genetic variations in both CYP2D6 and MAOA may contribute to the therapeutic failure of primaquine, reinforcing the importance of pharmacogenetics in monitoring antimalarial therapies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94679-7Plasmodium vivaxRecurrencesPrimaquineCYP2D6MAOAUGT2B7
spellingShingle Gabrielly S. da Silva
Flávia A. Fontenelle
Amanda O. Carvalho
Marielle M. Macêdo
Manuela C. Morais
Rebeca L. Abreu Netto
Victor I. Mwangi
Maria G. C. Alecrim
Marcus V. G. Lacerda
Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares
Anne C. G. de Almeida
Gisely Cardoso de Melo
Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon
Scientific Reports
Plasmodium vivax
Recurrences
Primaquine
CYP2D6
MAOA
UGT2B7
title Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon
title_full Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon
title_fullStr Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon
title_full_unstemmed Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon
title_short Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon
title_sort impact of cyp2d6 maoa and ugt2b7 genetic variants on recurrence of plasmodium vivax in the brazilian amazon
topic Plasmodium vivax
Recurrences
Primaquine
CYP2D6
MAOA
UGT2B7
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94679-7
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