Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulation
The present study evaluated the amount of heavy metals in canned eggplants sold in Tehran. After acid digestion, 50 canned eggplant samples were injected into the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) device. 65 % HNO3 was used for acid digestion of samples. After determ...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325003679 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849724663030087680 |
|---|---|
| author | Nader Akbari Ramin Aslani Parisa Sadighara Najmeh Yazdanfar Mahmood Yousefi |
| author_facet | Nader Akbari Ramin Aslani Parisa Sadighara Najmeh Yazdanfar Mahmood Yousefi |
| author_sort | Nader Akbari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study evaluated the amount of heavy metals in canned eggplants sold in Tehran. After acid digestion, 50 canned eggplant samples were injected into the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) device. 65 % HNO3 was used for acid digestion of samples. After determining the concentration of metals in the samples, estimated daily intake and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessments were also done. For this purpose, Monte Carlo simulation analysis was applied in Crystal Ball software. Monte Carlo simulation enhances the accuracy of health risk assessment by incorporating variability and uncertainty in input parameters and provides a more comprehensive and realistic estimation of potential health risks. The average concentration of metals is 0.03 ± 0.03, 2 ± 1, 8 ± 2.5, 0.15 ± 0.09, 0.4 ± 0.6, and 2 ± 1 mg/kg for arsenic, copper, iron, lead, tin, and zinc, respectively. The metal levels in the samples were within standard limits. The health risk assessment shows that for both age groups, the target hazard quotient (THQ) values were less than one, and values of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were below E−4. Based on our findings, canned eggplant available in the Tehran market cannot pose a safety risk for Iranian children and adults. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86a89c691c0c44fe8668d939636d0ab7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-1543 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-86a89c691c0c44fe8668d939636d0ab72025-08-20T03:10:41ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-06-012110199610.1016/j.jafr.2025.101996Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulationNader Akbari0Ramin Aslani1Parisa Sadighara2Najmeh Yazdanfar3Mahmood Yousefi4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranIranian Research and Development Center for Chemical Industries, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran; Corresponding author.The present study evaluated the amount of heavy metals in canned eggplants sold in Tehran. After acid digestion, 50 canned eggplant samples were injected into the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) device. 65 % HNO3 was used for acid digestion of samples. After determining the concentration of metals in the samples, estimated daily intake and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessments were also done. For this purpose, Monte Carlo simulation analysis was applied in Crystal Ball software. Monte Carlo simulation enhances the accuracy of health risk assessment by incorporating variability and uncertainty in input parameters and provides a more comprehensive and realistic estimation of potential health risks. The average concentration of metals is 0.03 ± 0.03, 2 ± 1, 8 ± 2.5, 0.15 ± 0.09, 0.4 ± 0.6, and 2 ± 1 mg/kg for arsenic, copper, iron, lead, tin, and zinc, respectively. The metal levels in the samples were within standard limits. The health risk assessment shows that for both age groups, the target hazard quotient (THQ) values were less than one, and values of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were below E−4. Based on our findings, canned eggplant available in the Tehran market cannot pose a safety risk for Iranian children and adults.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325003679Canned eggplantHeavy metalsICP-OESRisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Nader Akbari Ramin Aslani Parisa Sadighara Najmeh Yazdanfar Mahmood Yousefi Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulation Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Canned eggplant Heavy metals ICP-OES Risk assessment |
| title | Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_full | Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_fullStr | Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_short | Heavy metals in canned eggplant in Tehran, Iran: a health risk assessment study using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_sort | heavy metals in canned eggplant in tehran iran a health risk assessment study using monte carlo simulation |
| topic | Canned eggplant Heavy metals ICP-OES Risk assessment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325003679 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT naderakbari heavymetalsincannedeggplantintehraniranahealthriskassessmentstudyusingmontecarlosimulation AT raminaslani heavymetalsincannedeggplantintehraniranahealthriskassessmentstudyusingmontecarlosimulation AT parisasadighara heavymetalsincannedeggplantintehraniranahealthriskassessmentstudyusingmontecarlosimulation AT najmehyazdanfar heavymetalsincannedeggplantintehraniranahealthriskassessmentstudyusingmontecarlosimulation AT mahmoodyousefi heavymetalsincannedeggplantintehraniranahealthriskassessmentstudyusingmontecarlosimulation |