Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of Maine

The planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, plays a pivotal role in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) pelagic food web as a primary food source for many species, including the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW). Thus, observing C. finmarchicus on a Gulf-wide scale via satellite could be...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rebekah Shunmugapandi, Cait L. McCarry, David McKee, Catherine Mitchell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1507638/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849708311437377536
author Rebekah Shunmugapandi
Cait L. McCarry
David McKee
David McKee
Catherine Mitchell
author_facet Rebekah Shunmugapandi
Cait L. McCarry
David McKee
David McKee
Catherine Mitchell
author_sort Rebekah Shunmugapandi
collection DOAJ
description The planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, plays a pivotal role in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) pelagic food web as a primary food source for many species, including the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW). Thus, observing C. finmarchicus on a Gulf-wide scale via satellite could be beneficial for understanding changes in the migration patterns of the NARW. This study investigated the application of ocean color remote sensing to detect the surface population levels of C. finmarchicus in the GoM. Using remote sensing reflectance data from the MODIS Aqua sensor, we processed enhanced RGB (eRGB) imagery to detect and quantify the presence of C. finmarchicus, which is identifiable by its red astaxanthin pigment. This study employed a refined approach from the method originally developed off the coast of Norway, which integrates eRGB imagery and radiative transfer modeling to generate optical anomaly maps that are used for quantifying surface C. finmarchicus concentrations in the GoM. We detected surface swarms of C. finmarchicus in the ocean color imagery and estimated their concentrations. However, due to the method’s reliance on astaxanthin/red pigment-based detection, other astaxanthin-rich red/brown plankton were misidentified as C. finmarchicus. While the approach presented is effective for identifying astaxanthin anomalies in ocean color and holds potential for quantifying the surface populations of C. finmarchicus, it requires local knowledge to accurately quantify the C. finmarchicus abundances.
format Article
id doaj-art-8692564915974dff82c66c8d2dcc5b5b
institution DOAJ
issn 2296-7745
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Marine Science
spelling doaj-art-8692564915974dff82c66c8d2dcc5b5b2025-08-20T03:15:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-03-011210.3389/fmars.2025.15076381507638Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of MaineRebekah Shunmugapandi0Cait L. McCarry1David McKee2David McKee3Catherine Mitchell4Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United StatesBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United StatesUniversity of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United KingdomUniversity of the Arctic in Tromsø, Tromsø, NorwayBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United StatesThe planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, plays a pivotal role in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) pelagic food web as a primary food source for many species, including the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW). Thus, observing C. finmarchicus on a Gulf-wide scale via satellite could be beneficial for understanding changes in the migration patterns of the NARW. This study investigated the application of ocean color remote sensing to detect the surface population levels of C. finmarchicus in the GoM. Using remote sensing reflectance data from the MODIS Aqua sensor, we processed enhanced RGB (eRGB) imagery to detect and quantify the presence of C. finmarchicus, which is identifiable by its red astaxanthin pigment. This study employed a refined approach from the method originally developed off the coast of Norway, which integrates eRGB imagery and radiative transfer modeling to generate optical anomaly maps that are used for quantifying surface C. finmarchicus concentrations in the GoM. We detected surface swarms of C. finmarchicus in the ocean color imagery and estimated their concentrations. However, due to the method’s reliance on astaxanthin/red pigment-based detection, other astaxanthin-rich red/brown plankton were misidentified as C. finmarchicus. While the approach presented is effective for identifying astaxanthin anomalies in ocean color and holds potential for quantifying the surface populations of C. finmarchicus, it requires local knowledge to accurately quantify the C. finmarchicus abundances.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1507638/fullCalanus finmarchicuszooplanktonocean colorsatellite remote sensingGulf of Maine
spellingShingle Rebekah Shunmugapandi
Cait L. McCarry
David McKee
David McKee
Catherine Mitchell
Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of Maine
Frontiers in Marine Science
Calanus finmarchicus
zooplankton
ocean color
satellite remote sensing
Gulf of Maine
title Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of Maine
title_full Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of Maine
title_fullStr Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of Maine
title_full_unstemmed Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of Maine
title_short Ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface Calanus finmarchicus concentration in the Gulf of Maine
title_sort ocean color anomaly detection to estimate surface calanus finmarchicus concentration in the gulf of maine
topic Calanus finmarchicus
zooplankton
ocean color
satellite remote sensing
Gulf of Maine
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1507638/full
work_keys_str_mv AT rebekahshunmugapandi oceancoloranomalydetectiontoestimatesurfacecalanusfinmarchicusconcentrationinthegulfofmaine
AT caitlmccarry oceancoloranomalydetectiontoestimatesurfacecalanusfinmarchicusconcentrationinthegulfofmaine
AT davidmckee oceancoloranomalydetectiontoestimatesurfacecalanusfinmarchicusconcentrationinthegulfofmaine
AT davidmckee oceancoloranomalydetectiontoestimatesurfacecalanusfinmarchicusconcentrationinthegulfofmaine
AT catherinemitchell oceancoloranomalydetectiontoestimatesurfacecalanusfinmarchicusconcentrationinthegulfofmaine