Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin
This review details the structure of lignin and curates information on the characteristics that this polymer must have for each specific use. Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Approximately 50 million tons of lignin are pro...
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| Language: | English |
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North Carolina State University
2019-06-01
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| Series: | BioResources |
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| Online Access: | https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/biorefinery-review-wide-reaching-products-through-kraft-lignin/ |
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| author | Iara F. Demuner Jorge Luiz Colodette Antonio J. Demuner Carolina M. Jardim |
| author_facet | Iara F. Demuner Jorge Luiz Colodette Antonio J. Demuner Carolina M. Jardim |
| author_sort | Iara F. Demuner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review details the structure of lignin and curates information on the characteristics that this polymer must have for each specific use. Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Approximately 50 million tons of lignin are produced worldwide annually, of which 98% to 99% is incinerated to produce steam, process energy. Just 1% to 2% of the lignin, derived from the sulfite pulp industry, is used in chemical conversion to produce lignosulfonates. Biorefining is a promising approach to promote the wider use of kraft lignin. However, using kraft lignin to produce high value-added products is a great challenge, due to its complex structure, low reactivity, and low solubility, which are factors that limit the lignin’s large-scale use in biorefineries. Recent studies show that kraft lignin can be used as lignosulfonates and dispersants, technical carbons, transportation fuels, bioplastics, and adhesives, but some technological hurdles must be overcome and several industrial tests must be developed to make these uses viable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86889141db3f47daa3d33aea99a315fe |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1930-2126 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioResources |
| spelling | doaj-art-86889141db3f47daa3d33aea99a315fe2025-08-20T03:48:51ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262019-06-011437543758110.15376/biores.14.3.DemunerBiorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft ligninIara F. Demuner0Jorge Luiz Colodette1Antonio J. Demuner2 Carolina M. Jardim3Department of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilThis review details the structure of lignin and curates information on the characteristics that this polymer must have for each specific use. Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Approximately 50 million tons of lignin are produced worldwide annually, of which 98% to 99% is incinerated to produce steam, process energy. Just 1% to 2% of the lignin, derived from the sulfite pulp industry, is used in chemical conversion to produce lignosulfonates. Biorefining is a promising approach to promote the wider use of kraft lignin. However, using kraft lignin to produce high value-added products is a great challenge, due to its complex structure, low reactivity, and low solubility, which are factors that limit the lignin’s large-scale use in biorefineries. Recent studies show that kraft lignin can be used as lignosulfonates and dispersants, technical carbons, transportation fuels, bioplastics, and adhesives, but some technological hurdles must be overcome and several industrial tests must be developed to make these uses viable.https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/biorefinery-review-wide-reaching-products-through-kraft-lignin/ligninbiorefinerykraftchemical modificationapplications |
| spellingShingle | Iara F. Demuner Jorge Luiz Colodette Antonio J. Demuner Carolina M. Jardim Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin BioResources lignin biorefinery kraft chemical modification applications |
| title | Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin |
| title_full | Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin |
| title_fullStr | Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin |
| title_short | Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin |
| title_sort | biorefinery review wide reaching products through kraft lignin |
| topic | lignin biorefinery kraft chemical modification applications |
| url | https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/biorefinery-review-wide-reaching-products-through-kraft-lignin/ |
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