Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)

Based on findings from analyses with cross-lagged panel models, Zhao et al. concluded that physical activity can reduce problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents. Here, we simulated data to resemble the data used by Zhao et al. We used triangulation and fitted complementary models to the si...

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Main Authors: Kimmo Sorjonen, Bo Melin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1485660/full
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author Kimmo Sorjonen
Bo Melin
author_facet Kimmo Sorjonen
Bo Melin
author_sort Kimmo Sorjonen
collection DOAJ
description Based on findings from analyses with cross-lagged panel models, Zhao et al. concluded that physical activity can reduce problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents. Here, we simulated data to resemble the data used by Zhao et al. We used triangulation and fitted complementary models to the simulated data and found contradicting decreasing, increasing, and null effects of initial physical activity on subsequent change in PSU. These divergent findings suggest that it is premature to assume a decreasing effect of physical activity on PSU and the conclusion by Zhao et al. in this regard can be challenged. It is important for researchers to be aware that correlations, including adjusted cross-lagged effects, do not prove causality in order not to overinterpret findings, something that appears to have happened to Zhao et al. We recommend researchers to triangulate by fitting complementary models to their data in order to evaluate if observed effects may be due to true causal effect or if they appear to be spurious.
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spelling doaj-art-8680c3c9fe1c43de91e27985def8bebd2025-08-20T01:47:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782024-11-011510.3389/fpsyg.2024.14856601485660Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)Kimmo SorjonenBo MelinBased on findings from analyses with cross-lagged panel models, Zhao et al. concluded that physical activity can reduce problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents. Here, we simulated data to resemble the data used by Zhao et al. We used triangulation and fitted complementary models to the simulated data and found contradicting decreasing, increasing, and null effects of initial physical activity on subsequent change in PSU. These divergent findings suggest that it is premature to assume a decreasing effect of physical activity on PSU and the conclusion by Zhao et al. in this regard can be challenged. It is important for researchers to be aware that correlations, including adjusted cross-lagged effects, do not prove causality in order not to overinterpret findings, something that appears to have happened to Zhao et al. We recommend researchers to triangulate by fitting complementary models to their data in order to evaluate if observed effects may be due to true causal effect or if they appear to be spurious.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1485660/fullcross-lagged panel modelsphysical activityproblematic smartphone usesimulated dataspurious prospective effectstriangulation
spellingShingle Kimmo Sorjonen
Bo Melin
Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)
Frontiers in Psychology
cross-lagged panel models
physical activity
problematic smartphone use
simulated data
spurious prospective effects
triangulation
title Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)
title_full Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)
title_fullStr Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)
title_full_unstemmed Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)
title_short Spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use: a simulated reanalysis and comment on Zhao et al. (2024)
title_sort spurious prospective effect of physical activity on problematic smartphone use a simulated reanalysis and comment on zhao et al 2024
topic cross-lagged panel models
physical activity
problematic smartphone use
simulated data
spurious prospective effects
triangulation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1485660/full
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