A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis
BackgroundBrain metastasis (BM) is one of the common ways of tumor metastasis and has a poor prognosis. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers from the perspective of somatic mutations, providing a basis for the prognosis evaluation and immunogenicity prediction of BM patients.MethodsThis...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1607772/full |
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| author | Wanli Sun Xueying Wang Yixin Xu Yanfeng Ren Wenjing Zhang Qinghua Wang Yingzhi Chong |
| author_facet | Wanli Sun Xueying Wang Yixin Xu Yanfeng Ren Wenjing Zhang Qinghua Wang Yingzhi Chong |
| author_sort | Wanli Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundBrain metastasis (BM) is one of the common ways of tumor metastasis and has a poor prognosis. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers from the perspective of somatic mutations, providing a basis for the prognosis evaluation and immunogenicity prediction of BM patients.MethodsThis study collected the somatic mutation profiles and clinical information of a total of 421 patients with BM in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Non-negative matrix factorization was employed to extract the mutational process signatures operating in the genome. Consensus clustering analysis was utilized to identify mutation-related molecular subtypes. Through a comprehensive analysis of genomic mutations and copy number variations (CNV), biomarkers associated with outcomes and tumor immunogenicity were screened.ResultsNon-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer were common primary tumors of BM, and these three tumor types exhibited better prognosis compared to other types. This study found that a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) was significantly associated with a better prognosis of BM. A total of four mutational process signatures were extracted, and among them, a signature featured by C > T mutations and related to DNA damage repair was proven to be linked with an inferior outcome and a lower TMB. Through integrated genomic mutation analysis, PTPRT mutation was determined to associate with improved prognosis of BM. More importantly, patients carrying this mutation also harbored a better response to immunotherapy. CNV analysis indicated that PTEN deletion and DUSP4 deletion were respectively associated with poorer and better outcomes in patients with BM.ConclusionsBy integrating the somatic mutation data of patients with BM, this study identified molecular biomarkers related to outcomes and immunogenicity from three perspectives: mutational process signatures, molecular subtypes, and genomic variations. Our findings provide clues for prognosis evaluation in BM patients. They also establish a theoretical basis for predicting immunotherapy efficacy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8680bc127e424c8bb2859047351c7fec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8680bc127e424c8bb2859047351c7fec2025-08-20T03:56:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16077721607772A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasisWanli Sun0Xueying Wang1Yixin Xu2Yanfeng Ren3Wenjing Zhang4Qinghua Wang5Yingzhi Chong6Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health of Shandong Province, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaSchool of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health of Shandong Province, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health of Shandong Province, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health of Shandong Province, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaBackgroundBrain metastasis (BM) is one of the common ways of tumor metastasis and has a poor prognosis. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers from the perspective of somatic mutations, providing a basis for the prognosis evaluation and immunogenicity prediction of BM patients.MethodsThis study collected the somatic mutation profiles and clinical information of a total of 421 patients with BM in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Non-negative matrix factorization was employed to extract the mutational process signatures operating in the genome. Consensus clustering analysis was utilized to identify mutation-related molecular subtypes. Through a comprehensive analysis of genomic mutations and copy number variations (CNV), biomarkers associated with outcomes and tumor immunogenicity were screened.ResultsNon-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer were common primary tumors of BM, and these three tumor types exhibited better prognosis compared to other types. This study found that a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) was significantly associated with a better prognosis of BM. A total of four mutational process signatures were extracted, and among them, a signature featured by C > T mutations and related to DNA damage repair was proven to be linked with an inferior outcome and a lower TMB. Through integrated genomic mutation analysis, PTPRT mutation was determined to associate with improved prognosis of BM. More importantly, patients carrying this mutation also harbored a better response to immunotherapy. CNV analysis indicated that PTEN deletion and DUSP4 deletion were respectively associated with poorer and better outcomes in patients with BM.ConclusionsBy integrating the somatic mutation data of patients with BM, this study identified molecular biomarkers related to outcomes and immunogenicity from three perspectives: mutational process signatures, molecular subtypes, and genomic variations. Our findings provide clues for prognosis evaluation in BM patients. They also establish a theoretical basis for predicting immunotherapy efficacy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1607772/fullbrain metastasisprognosticatorsmutational signaturesmolecular subtypesgenomic variationstumor immunogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Wanli Sun Xueying Wang Yixin Xu Yanfeng Ren Wenjing Zhang Qinghua Wang Yingzhi Chong A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis Frontiers in Immunology brain metastasis prognosticators mutational signatures molecular subtypes genomic variations tumor immunogenicity |
| title | A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis |
| title_full | A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis |
| title_fullStr | A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis |
| title_short | A mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis |
| title_sort | mutational process signature and genomic alterations associated with outcome and immunogenicity in cancers with brain metastasis |
| topic | brain metastasis prognosticators mutational signatures molecular subtypes genomic variations tumor immunogenicity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1607772/full |
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