Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysis

IntroductionEssential oils (EO) have gained significant attention in the calves industry due to their antimicrobial properties. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EO on calves to provide better guidance for cattle feed.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of relevant studies...

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Main Authors: Wei Li, Fang Wang, Yongsheng Han, Fang Sun, Chunhai Liu, Yuanfang Zhu, Peng Zhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1573846/full
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author Wei Li
Fang Wang
Yongsheng Han
Fang Sun
Chunhai Liu
Yuanfang Zhu
Peng Zhong
author_facet Wei Li
Fang Wang
Yongsheng Han
Fang Sun
Chunhai Liu
Yuanfang Zhu
Peng Zhong
author_sort Wei Li
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionEssential oils (EO) have gained significant attention in the calves industry due to their antimicrobial properties. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EO on calves to provide better guidance for cattle feed.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of relevant studies published from inception to February 6, 2022, using PubMed, CENTRAL,Web of Science, and EMBASE. The quality of included studies was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. Effect sizes were calculated using weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous variables and summary risk ratios (RR) for binary variables. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis included 10 animal studies with 226 calves. The average quality score was 5.8 (range: 5–7). EO improved milk production (WMD = 0.30; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.47; I2 = 0%, p = 0.985) and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels (WMD = 0.01; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.16; I2 = 0%, p = 0.472). However, EO did not significantly improve rumen fermentation characteristics or overall performance index.DiscussionWhile EO may have beneficial effects on specific outcomes like milk production and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels,its impact on rumen fermentation and overall performance remains inconclusive. Future large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to better assess the effects of EO on ruminal fermentation efficiency, anti-oxidative status, and overall performance.
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spelling doaj-art-8663fcbcacf84faba9bc805862f1d6772025-08-20T02:24:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-06-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15738461573846Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysisWei Li0Fang Wang1Yongsheng Han2Fang Sun3Chunhai Liu4Yuanfang Zhu5Peng Zhong6Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, College of Life Sciences and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, ChinaLiaoning Feidi Feeding Technology Co., Ltd, Xingcheng, ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, ChinaIntroductionEssential oils (EO) have gained significant attention in the calves industry due to their antimicrobial properties. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EO on calves to provide better guidance for cattle feed.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of relevant studies published from inception to February 6, 2022, using PubMed, CENTRAL,Web of Science, and EMBASE. The quality of included studies was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. Effect sizes were calculated using weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous variables and summary risk ratios (RR) for binary variables. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis included 10 animal studies with 226 calves. The average quality score was 5.8 (range: 5–7). EO improved milk production (WMD = 0.30; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.47; I2 = 0%, p = 0.985) and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels (WMD = 0.01; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.16; I2 = 0%, p = 0.472). However, EO did not significantly improve rumen fermentation characteristics or overall performance index.DiscussionWhile EO may have beneficial effects on specific outcomes like milk production and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels,its impact on rumen fermentation and overall performance remains inconclusive. Future large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to better assess the effects of EO on ruminal fermentation efficiency, anti-oxidative status, and overall performance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1573846/fullmeta-analysisessential oilcalvesruminal fermentationanti-oxidative status
spellingShingle Wei Li
Fang Wang
Yongsheng Han
Fang Sun
Chunhai Liu
Yuanfang Zhu
Peng Zhong
Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysis
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
meta-analysis
essential oil
calves
ruminal fermentation
anti-oxidative status
title Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysis
title_full Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysis
title_fullStr Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysis
title_short Effects of essential oils on calf growth, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidative status: a meta-analysis
title_sort effects of essential oils on calf growth ruminal fermentation and antioxidative status a meta analysis
topic meta-analysis
essential oil
calves
ruminal fermentation
anti-oxidative status
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1573846/full
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