Nanoemulsion-based mouthwash with Litsea cubeba essential oil and Piper betle extract for inflammatory dental condition

A nanoemulsion-based mouthwash incorporating Litsea cubeba essential oil and Piper betle extract was developed for inflammatory dental conditions. The optimized formulation, identified using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, contained 0.9% essential oil and 1% dry extract, yielding droplet sizes of 22....

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ngoc Nha Thao Nguyen, Thi Trang Dai Nguyen, Thanh Si Nguyen, Dang Tuyet Minh Than, Thi Thanh Yen Le, Huu Nhan Nguyen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pensoft Publishers 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmacia
Online Access:https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/157959/download/pdf/
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Summary:A nanoemulsion-based mouthwash incorporating Litsea cubeba essential oil and Piper betle extract was developed for inflammatory dental conditions. The optimized formulation, identified using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, contained 0.9% essential oil and 1% dry extract, yielding droplet sizes of 22.36 nm, a near-neutral zeta potential (−0.50 mV), and a pH of 7.2. The formulation demonstrated physicochemical stability over a three-month period. Anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated through nitric oxide inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, surpassed that of 0.12% chlorhexidine. In antibacterial assays, the formulation achieved a 99.74% reduction of Streptococcus mutans in a time-kill test. Molecular docking analysis further supported the antimicrobial potential of citral and eugenol via interaction with Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase B. These findings suggest that the developed nanoemulsion-based mouthwash may offer a promising natural approach for managing oral inflammatory conditions.
ISSN:2603-557X