Nanoemulsion-based mouthwash with Litsea cubeba essential oil and Piper betle extract for inflammatory dental condition
A nanoemulsion-based mouthwash incorporating Litsea cubeba essential oil and Piper betle extract was developed for inflammatory dental conditions. The optimized formulation, identified using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, contained 0.9% essential oil and 1% dry extract, yielding droplet sizes of 22....
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Pensoft Publishers
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmacia |
| Online Access: | https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/157959/download/pdf/ |
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| Summary: | A nanoemulsion-based mouthwash incorporating Litsea cubeba essential oil and Piper betle extract was developed for inflammatory dental conditions. The optimized formulation, identified using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, contained 0.9% essential oil and 1% dry extract, yielding droplet sizes of 22.36 nm, a near-neutral zeta potential (−0.50 mV), and a pH of 7.2. The formulation demonstrated physicochemical stability over a three-month period. Anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated through nitric oxide inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, surpassed that of 0.12% chlorhexidine. In antibacterial assays, the formulation achieved a 99.74% reduction of Streptococcus mutans in a time-kill test. Molecular docking analysis further supported the antimicrobial potential of citral and eugenol via interaction with Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase B. These findings suggest that the developed nanoemulsion-based mouthwash may offer a promising natural approach for managing oral inflammatory conditions. |
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| ISSN: | 2603-557X |