Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)

Abstract Background Self-harm is a major public health challenge with estimated lifetime prevalence of 5–6% and 220,000 hospital attendances annually in England and Wales. Repetition of self-harm is common with 70% of hospital attenders reporting previous self-harm. Multiple repetition bears a signi...

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Main Authors: Bethan Copsey, Alexandra Wright-Hughes, Amanda Farrin, Cara Gates, Kate Farley, Cathy Brennan, Dean McMillan, Christopher D. Graham, Chris Bojke, Richard Mattock, Adam Martin, Petra Bijsterveld, Judith Horrocks, Suzanne Hartley, Marsha McAdam, Dafydd Hammond-Jones, Louise D. Bryant, Allan House, Elspeth Guthrie, the FReSH START lived experience group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Pilot and Feasibility Studies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-025-01644-2
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author Bethan Copsey
Alexandra Wright-Hughes
Amanda Farrin
Cara Gates
Kate Farley
Cathy Brennan
Dean McMillan
Christopher D. Graham
Chris Bojke
Richard Mattock
Adam Martin
Petra Bijsterveld
Judith Horrocks
Suzanne Hartley
Marsha McAdam
Dafydd Hammond-Jones
Louise D. Bryant
Allan House
Elspeth Guthrie
the FReSH START lived experience group
author_facet Bethan Copsey
Alexandra Wright-Hughes
Amanda Farrin
Cara Gates
Kate Farley
Cathy Brennan
Dean McMillan
Christopher D. Graham
Chris Bojke
Richard Mattock
Adam Martin
Petra Bijsterveld
Judith Horrocks
Suzanne Hartley
Marsha McAdam
Dafydd Hammond-Jones
Louise D. Bryant
Allan House
Elspeth Guthrie
the FReSH START lived experience group
author_sort Bethan Copsey
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Self-harm is a major public health challenge with estimated lifetime prevalence of 5–6% and 220,000 hospital attendances annually in England and Wales. Repetition of self-harm is common with 70% of hospital attenders reporting previous self-harm. Multiple repetition bears a significant cost to individuals and healthcare systems. A recent Cochrane review showed little evidence for the benefit of existing psychological therapies for people who repeatedly self-harm. Considering multiple possible functions of self-harm, we modified three existing psychological therapies for use with people who self-harm multiple times. To inform the design of a definitive multi-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) and assess the feasibility of an RCT, this mixed-methods feasibility study assessed intervention delivery and acceptability. Methods A single arm (comprising three modalities), non-controlled, multi-centre feasibility trial aimed to recruit 30 participants aged 16 years or older and reporting both recent and recurring self-harm episodes. The FReSH START intervention included 12 individual sessions over a maximum 6 months comprising one of three psychological therapies, each modified specifically for use with people who have self-harmed multiple times: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Psychodynamic Interpersonal Therapy. Follow-up was via participant reported outcomes using postal questionnaires at 6 months and monthly text messages. A parallel qualitative study interviewed a sample of therapists and participants to refine the intervention and logic model ahead of a definitive RCT. Results We reached our target of 30 recruited participants and 15 therapists delivered the intervention in a way that was acceptable to participants. However, follow-up rates for the 6-month questionnaire were lower than expected at 53.3% (n = 16/30). To improve follow-up, in the definitive RCT, we plan to use online questionnaires, provide vouchers and behaviourally-informed letters to incentivise questionnaire return, and include follow-up via routinely collected data. Intervention fidelity also requires some improvement in specific areas; thus we plan to amend the intervention therapist training accordingly. Conclusions Despite disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conclude that delivery of a definitive trial of adapted psychological therapies for people who repeatedly self-harm is feasible with modifications to study processes to improve intervention fidelity and participant retention. Trial registration. ISRCTN16049211.
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spelling doaj-art-865302691e414bcca5166e2bc7e4e2a72025-08-20T03:53:58ZengBMCPilot and Feasibility Studies2055-57842025-05-0111111710.1186/s40814-025-01644-2Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)Bethan Copsey0Alexandra Wright-Hughes1Amanda Farrin2Cara Gates3Kate Farley4Cathy Brennan5Dean McMillan6Christopher D. Graham7Chris Bojke8Richard Mattock9Adam Martin10Petra Bijsterveld11Judith Horrocks12Suzanne Hartley13Marsha McAdam14Dafydd Hammond-Jones15Louise D. Bryant16Allan House17Elspeth Guthrie18the FReSH START lived experience groupClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of LeedsClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of LeedsClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsDepartment of Health Sciences, University of YorkDepartment of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of StrathclydeAcademic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsAcademic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsAcademic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of LeedsClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of LeedsClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of LeedsClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of LeedsLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of LeedsAbstract Background Self-harm is a major public health challenge with estimated lifetime prevalence of 5–6% and 220,000 hospital attendances annually in England and Wales. Repetition of self-harm is common with 70% of hospital attenders reporting previous self-harm. Multiple repetition bears a significant cost to individuals and healthcare systems. A recent Cochrane review showed little evidence for the benefit of existing psychological therapies for people who repeatedly self-harm. Considering multiple possible functions of self-harm, we modified three existing psychological therapies for use with people who self-harm multiple times. To inform the design of a definitive multi-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) and assess the feasibility of an RCT, this mixed-methods feasibility study assessed intervention delivery and acceptability. Methods A single arm (comprising three modalities), non-controlled, multi-centre feasibility trial aimed to recruit 30 participants aged 16 years or older and reporting both recent and recurring self-harm episodes. The FReSH START intervention included 12 individual sessions over a maximum 6 months comprising one of three psychological therapies, each modified specifically for use with people who have self-harmed multiple times: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Psychodynamic Interpersonal Therapy. Follow-up was via participant reported outcomes using postal questionnaires at 6 months and monthly text messages. A parallel qualitative study interviewed a sample of therapists and participants to refine the intervention and logic model ahead of a definitive RCT. Results We reached our target of 30 recruited participants and 15 therapists delivered the intervention in a way that was acceptable to participants. However, follow-up rates for the 6-month questionnaire were lower than expected at 53.3% (n = 16/30). To improve follow-up, in the definitive RCT, we plan to use online questionnaires, provide vouchers and behaviourally-informed letters to incentivise questionnaire return, and include follow-up via routinely collected data. Intervention fidelity also requires some improvement in specific areas; thus we plan to amend the intervention therapist training accordingly. Conclusions Despite disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conclude that delivery of a definitive trial of adapted psychological therapies for people who repeatedly self-harm is feasible with modifications to study processes to improve intervention fidelity and participant retention. Trial registration. ISRCTN16049211.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-025-01644-2Self-harmMental healthFeasibility studyTherapyCBTACT
spellingShingle Bethan Copsey
Alexandra Wright-Hughes
Amanda Farrin
Cara Gates
Kate Farley
Cathy Brennan
Dean McMillan
Christopher D. Graham
Chris Bojke
Richard Mattock
Adam Martin
Petra Bijsterveld
Judith Horrocks
Suzanne Hartley
Marsha McAdam
Dafydd Hammond-Jones
Louise D. Bryant
Allan House
Elspeth Guthrie
the FReSH START lived experience group
Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)
Pilot and Feasibility Studies
Self-harm
Mental health
Feasibility study
Therapy
CBT
ACT
title Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)
title_full Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)
title_fullStr Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)
title_full_unstemmed Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)
title_short Results of a feasibility study of the FReSH START intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm (Function REplacement in repeated Self-Harm: Standardising Therapeutic Assessment and the Related Therapy)
title_sort results of a feasibility study of the fresh start intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self harm function replacement in repeated self harm standardising therapeutic assessment and the related therapy
topic Self-harm
Mental health
Feasibility study
Therapy
CBT
ACT
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-025-01644-2
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