High host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous bats

Abstract Bats are reservoir hosts for a number of coronaviruses, some of which may pose spillover risks for humans and other animals. We detected two alphacoronaviruses in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) in Ontario, Canada. These viruses are closely relat...

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Main Authors: Jonathon D. Kotwa, Arkadeb Bhuinya, Winfield Yim, Giulia Gallo, Pahul Singh, Qiang Liu, Anil Kumar, Emily Chien, Aaron Hou, Hsien-Yao Chee, Juliette Blais-Savoie, Lily Yip, Valerie Von Zuben, K. Aidan Wouters, Vikram Misra, Oliver Lung, Dalan Bailey, Finlay Maguire, Arinjay Banerjee, Samira Mubareka, Christina M. Davy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Viruses
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00115-y
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author Jonathon D. Kotwa
Arkadeb Bhuinya
Winfield Yim
Giulia Gallo
Pahul Singh
Qiang Liu
Anil Kumar
Emily Chien
Aaron Hou
Hsien-Yao Chee
Juliette Blais-Savoie
Lily Yip
Valerie Von Zuben
K. Aidan Wouters
Vikram Misra
Oliver Lung
Dalan Bailey
Finlay Maguire
Arinjay Banerjee
Samira Mubareka
Christina M. Davy
author_facet Jonathon D. Kotwa
Arkadeb Bhuinya
Winfield Yim
Giulia Gallo
Pahul Singh
Qiang Liu
Anil Kumar
Emily Chien
Aaron Hou
Hsien-Yao Chee
Juliette Blais-Savoie
Lily Yip
Valerie Von Zuben
K. Aidan Wouters
Vikram Misra
Oliver Lung
Dalan Bailey
Finlay Maguire
Arinjay Banerjee
Samira Mubareka
Christina M. Davy
author_sort Jonathon D. Kotwa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Bats are reservoir hosts for a number of coronaviruses, some of which may pose spillover risks for humans and other animals. We detected two alphacoronaviruses in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) in Ontario, Canada. These viruses are closely related to other coronaviruses circulating in bats in North America and also distantly related to human and swine coronaviruses. We found high similarity in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in viruses derived from the same species of bat, but markedly lower in those derived from other species. We also functionally characterized the accessory protein ORF3 finding that ORF3 inhibited both IFNβ production and signaling. Our study provides insights into coronavirus diversity in bats in a previously under-sampled region. This work provides a baseline for in-depth surveillance to characterize the transmission dynamics of endemic coronaviruses in free-ranging wildlife, and for exploring the evolutionary relationships between coronaviruses and their hosts.
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spelling doaj-art-8648b8dc91e14c08a1142a9f1e00057f2025-08-20T02:20:23ZengNature Portfolionpj Viruses2948-17672025-04-013111410.1038/s44298-025-00115-yHigh host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous batsJonathon D. Kotwa0Arkadeb Bhuinya1Winfield Yim2Giulia Gallo3Pahul Singh4Qiang Liu5Anil Kumar6Emily Chien7Aaron Hou8Hsien-Yao Chee9Juliette Blais-Savoie10Lily Yip11Valerie Von Zuben12K. Aidan Wouters13Vikram Misra14Oliver Lung15Dalan Bailey16Finlay Maguire17Arinjay Banerjee18Samira Mubareka19Christina M. Davy20Sunnybrook Research InstituteVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of SaskatchewanSunnybrook Research InstituteThe Pirbright InstituteVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of SaskatchewanVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of SaskatchewanDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of SaskatchewanSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Research InstituteWildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryDepartment of Biology, Carleton UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SaskatchewanNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection AgencyThe Pirbright InstituteFaculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie UniversityVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of SaskatchewanSunnybrook Research InstituteWildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryAbstract Bats are reservoir hosts for a number of coronaviruses, some of which may pose spillover risks for humans and other animals. We detected two alphacoronaviruses in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) in Ontario, Canada. These viruses are closely related to other coronaviruses circulating in bats in North America and also distantly related to human and swine coronaviruses. We found high similarity in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in viruses derived from the same species of bat, but markedly lower in those derived from other species. We also functionally characterized the accessory protein ORF3 finding that ORF3 inhibited both IFNβ production and signaling. Our study provides insights into coronavirus diversity in bats in a previously under-sampled region. This work provides a baseline for in-depth surveillance to characterize the transmission dynamics of endemic coronaviruses in free-ranging wildlife, and for exploring the evolutionary relationships between coronaviruses and their hosts.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00115-y
spellingShingle Jonathon D. Kotwa
Arkadeb Bhuinya
Winfield Yim
Giulia Gallo
Pahul Singh
Qiang Liu
Anil Kumar
Emily Chien
Aaron Hou
Hsien-Yao Chee
Juliette Blais-Savoie
Lily Yip
Valerie Von Zuben
K. Aidan Wouters
Vikram Misra
Oliver Lung
Dalan Bailey
Finlay Maguire
Arinjay Banerjee
Samira Mubareka
Christina M. Davy
High host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous bats
npj Viruses
title High host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous bats
title_full High host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous bats
title_fullStr High host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous bats
title_full_unstemmed High host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous bats
title_short High host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in Nearctic, insectivorous bats
title_sort high host specificity of alphacoronaviruses in nearctic insectivorous bats
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00115-y
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