Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Schw.) fungal disease in vineyards is becoming an increasingly important concern due to climate change and the emergence of resistant populations after heavy spraying. Recently, new disease control methods based on phenological development, disease development, and m...

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Main Authors: Kaya Ayşegül, Tezcan Himmet, Atak Arif
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-08-01
Series:Open Life Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1144
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author Kaya Ayşegül
Tezcan Himmet
Atak Arif
author_facet Kaya Ayşegül
Tezcan Himmet
Atak Arif
author_sort Kaya Ayşegül
collection DOAJ
description Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Schw.) fungal disease in vineyards is becoming an increasingly important concern due to climate change and the emergence of resistant populations after heavy spraying. Recently, new disease control methods based on phenological development, disease development, and meteorological data have been established in Türkiye. These models can provide sufficient protection with minimal fungicide use and minimize residue problems due to excessive fungicide use. In this study, the activities of the UC Davis risk index model, decision support strategy (DSS) models, and classical model, based on plant phenological development stages suggested by the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, were used to protect against powdery mildew. Three alternative control strategies were investigated for 2 years using two grape varieties. In addition, the amount of pesticide residue in the final product by the spraying models was also evaluated. The UC Davis risk index model was applicable in places with similar climatic conditions, such as Bursa Province, and showed better results than other spraying programs. Although the classical model proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is generally less effective than the UC Davis risk index model, once less spraying achieved high effectiveness rates each season. The UC Davis risk index model considerably lowered the disease incidence rate in clusters below the 5% limit. The DSS model provided poorer protection than the other two models evaluated in this study. Among the fungicides with active ingredients, thiophanate-methyl, kresoxim-methyl, and penconazole, only thiophanate-methyl exceeded the 0.1 ppm (mg/kg) limit specified in the European Union Pesticide Maximum Residue Limits and Turkish Food Codex Pesticide Maximum Residue Limits for both grape varieties. Alternating fungicides with different active ingredients instead of a single fungicide at regular intervals throughout the season can reduce residue problems of grapes and the risk of pathogen resistance to fungicides.
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spelling doaj-art-8647a2c298f74815bb31a29b25d8aee42025-08-20T03:40:33ZengDe GruyterOpen Life Sciences2391-54122025-08-0120120220581610.1515/biol-2025-1144Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varietiesKaya Ayşegül0Tezcan Himmet1Atak Arif2Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059, Bursa, TurkeyDepartment of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059, Bursa, TurkeyDepartment of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059, Bursa, TurkeyPowdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Schw.) fungal disease in vineyards is becoming an increasingly important concern due to climate change and the emergence of resistant populations after heavy spraying. Recently, new disease control methods based on phenological development, disease development, and meteorological data have been established in Türkiye. These models can provide sufficient protection with minimal fungicide use and minimize residue problems due to excessive fungicide use. In this study, the activities of the UC Davis risk index model, decision support strategy (DSS) models, and classical model, based on plant phenological development stages suggested by the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, were used to protect against powdery mildew. Three alternative control strategies were investigated for 2 years using two grape varieties. In addition, the amount of pesticide residue in the final product by the spraying models was also evaluated. The UC Davis risk index model was applicable in places with similar climatic conditions, such as Bursa Province, and showed better results than other spraying programs. Although the classical model proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is generally less effective than the UC Davis risk index model, once less spraying achieved high effectiveness rates each season. The UC Davis risk index model considerably lowered the disease incidence rate in clusters below the 5% limit. The DSS model provided poorer protection than the other two models evaluated in this study. Among the fungicides with active ingredients, thiophanate-methyl, kresoxim-methyl, and penconazole, only thiophanate-methyl exceeded the 0.1 ppm (mg/kg) limit specified in the European Union Pesticide Maximum Residue Limits and Turkish Food Codex Pesticide Maximum Residue Limits for both grape varieties. Alternating fungicides with different active ingredients instead of a single fungicide at regular intervals throughout the season can reduce residue problems of grapes and the risk of pathogen resistance to fungicides.https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1144vitis viniferapowdery mildew controlprotectionpesticide residue levelssustainable viticulture
spellingShingle Kaya Ayşegül
Tezcan Himmet
Atak Arif
Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
Open Life Sciences
vitis vinifera
powdery mildew control
protection
pesticide residue levels
sustainable viticulture
title Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
title_full Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
title_fullStr Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
title_full_unstemmed Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
title_short Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
title_sort comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
topic vitis vinifera
powdery mildew control
protection
pesticide residue levels
sustainable viticulture
url https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1144
work_keys_str_mv AT kayaaysegul comparativeefficiencyandresiduelevelsofsprayingprogramsagainstpowderymildewingrapevarieties
AT tezcanhimmet comparativeefficiencyandresiduelevelsofsprayingprogramsagainstpowderymildewingrapevarieties
AT atakarif comparativeefficiencyandresiduelevelsofsprayingprogramsagainstpowderymildewingrapevarieties