The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review

Recent studies have highlighted the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and cardiometabolic diseases, leading to an improved understanding of the underlying mechanistic factors. PCOS significantly increases cardiovascular risk by predisposing individuals to various subclinical and c...

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Main Authors: Jasmin Mahabamunuge, Nicole M. Sekula, Christina Lepore, Meghana Kudrimoti, Animesh Upadhyay, Khadija Alshowaikh, Howard J. Li, David B. Seifer, Abdelrahman AlAshqar
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/709
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author Jasmin Mahabamunuge
Nicole M. Sekula
Christina Lepore
Meghana Kudrimoti
Animesh Upadhyay
Khadija Alshowaikh
Howard J. Li
David B. Seifer
Abdelrahman AlAshqar
author_facet Jasmin Mahabamunuge
Nicole M. Sekula
Christina Lepore
Meghana Kudrimoti
Animesh Upadhyay
Khadija Alshowaikh
Howard J. Li
David B. Seifer
Abdelrahman AlAshqar
author_sort Jasmin Mahabamunuge
collection DOAJ
description Recent studies have highlighted the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and cardiometabolic diseases, leading to an improved understanding of the underlying mechanistic factors. PCOS significantly increases cardiovascular risk by predisposing individuals to various subclinical and clinical conditions, including atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, it interacts synergistically with other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Several molecular mechanisms involving genetics, epigenetics, adipokine secretion, hyperandrogenemia, and hyperinsulinemia play a role in the relationship between PCOS and these comorbidities. For instance, androgen excess has been implicated in the development of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, and ultimately, broader cardiovascular disease. A deeper understanding of these underlying mechanisms facilitates the development of diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies directed at reducing cardiometabolic morbidity. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence, explores the potential clinical implications of these findings, and discusses emerging therapies to reduce cardiometabolic morbidity in women with PCOS.
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spelling doaj-art-8633bd9c19e54faa977954a3e59eb0a52025-08-20T02:42:39ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113370910.3390/biomedicines13030709The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative ReviewJasmin Mahabamunuge0Nicole M. Sekula1Christina Lepore2Meghana Kudrimoti3Animesh Upadhyay4Khadija Alshowaikh5Howard J. Li6David B. Seifer7Abdelrahman AlAshqar8Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USADivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USARecent studies have highlighted the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and cardiometabolic diseases, leading to an improved understanding of the underlying mechanistic factors. PCOS significantly increases cardiovascular risk by predisposing individuals to various subclinical and clinical conditions, including atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, it interacts synergistically with other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Several molecular mechanisms involving genetics, epigenetics, adipokine secretion, hyperandrogenemia, and hyperinsulinemia play a role in the relationship between PCOS and these comorbidities. For instance, androgen excess has been implicated in the development of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, and ultimately, broader cardiovascular disease. A deeper understanding of these underlying mechanisms facilitates the development of diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies directed at reducing cardiometabolic morbidity. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence, explores the potential clinical implications of these findings, and discusses emerging therapies to reduce cardiometabolic morbidity in women with PCOS.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/709cardiovascular diseasediabetes mellitushypertensionmetabolic syndromeobesitypolycystic ovary
spellingShingle Jasmin Mahabamunuge
Nicole M. Sekula
Christina Lepore
Meghana Kudrimoti
Animesh Upadhyay
Khadija Alshowaikh
Howard J. Li
David B. Seifer
Abdelrahman AlAshqar
The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review
Biomedicines
cardiovascular disease
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
metabolic syndrome
obesity
polycystic ovary
title The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review
title_full The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review
title_fullStr The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review
title_short The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review
title_sort molecular basis of polycystic ovary syndrome and its cardiometabolic correlates exploring the intersection and its clinical implications a narrative review
topic cardiovascular disease
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
metabolic syndrome
obesity
polycystic ovary
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/709
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