xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated Agents

The increasing prevalence of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in smart cities requires robust cyberattack and anomaly detection systems to ensure safety and resilience. Cyberattacks on leader and follower in cooperative driving can result in differing impacts, however, their impacts on secur...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Guanyu Lin, Sean Qian, Zulqarnain H. Khattak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11071968/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849468098564849664
author Guanyu Lin
Sean Qian
Zulqarnain H. Khattak
author_facet Guanyu Lin
Sean Qian
Zulqarnain H. Khattak
author_sort Guanyu Lin
collection DOAJ
description The increasing prevalence of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in smart cities requires robust cyberattack and anomaly detection systems to ensure safety and resilience. Cyberattacks on leader and follower in cooperative driving can result in differing impacts, however, their impacts on security and resilience of cooperative driving are largely unknown. Traditional anomaly detection methods, which aggregate data centrally, compromise driver privacy and are insufficient to address real-world challenges due to limitations of being compromised by adversarial attacks. To overcome these limitations, we propose Explainable Fine-Grained Cyberattacks and Anomaly Detection with Federated Agents for connected autonomous vehicles (xFedCAV). Our framework leverages federated learning to enhance privacy and security, using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for interpretable detection. Unlike existing methods, xFedCAV focuses on fine-grained detection by simulating cyberattacks on individual vehicles rather than the entire fleet, allowing for more precise identification and response. Experimental results, conducted on a real-world CAV dataset, demonstrate that xFedCAV not only explains the relationship between vehicle characteristics and detection outputs, but also effectively detects cyberattacks in a decentralized manner. This research offers knowledge about the cybersecurity impacts of the leader and follower within cooperative driving and provides a significant advancement in federated learning applications for CAVs, contributing to the development of safer and more resilient smart city applications for transportation systems.
format Article
id doaj-art-8632ec528f454df88a7d9db7a9be68fb
institution Kabale University
issn 2687-7813
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems
spelling doaj-art-8632ec528f454df88a7d9db7a9be68fb2025-08-20T03:25:57ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems2687-78132025-01-01689891410.1109/OJITS.2025.358161711071968xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated AgentsGuanyu Lin0Sean Qian1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-8989Zulqarnain H. Khattak2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2599-4852Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USATransportation and AI and Machine Learning Systems, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USAThe increasing prevalence of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in smart cities requires robust cyberattack and anomaly detection systems to ensure safety and resilience. Cyberattacks on leader and follower in cooperative driving can result in differing impacts, however, their impacts on security and resilience of cooperative driving are largely unknown. Traditional anomaly detection methods, which aggregate data centrally, compromise driver privacy and are insufficient to address real-world challenges due to limitations of being compromised by adversarial attacks. To overcome these limitations, we propose Explainable Fine-Grained Cyberattacks and Anomaly Detection with Federated Agents for connected autonomous vehicles (xFedCAV). Our framework leverages federated learning to enhance privacy and security, using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for interpretable detection. Unlike existing methods, xFedCAV focuses on fine-grained detection by simulating cyberattacks on individual vehicles rather than the entire fleet, allowing for more precise identification and response. Experimental results, conducted on a real-world CAV dataset, demonstrate that xFedCAV not only explains the relationship between vehicle characteristics and detection outputs, but also effectively detects cyberattacks in a decentralized manner. This research offers knowledge about the cybersecurity impacts of the leader and follower within cooperative driving and provides a significant advancement in federated learning applications for CAVs, contributing to the development of safer and more resilient smart city applications for transportation systems.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11071968/Explainable machine learningfederated learningfine-grained cyberattackcybersecurityautomated and connected vehiclescooperative driving
spellingShingle Guanyu Lin
Sean Qian
Zulqarnain H. Khattak
xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated Agents
IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Explainable machine learning
federated learning
fine-grained cyberattack
cybersecurity
automated and connected vehicles
cooperative driving
title xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated Agents
title_full xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated Agents
title_fullStr xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated Agents
title_full_unstemmed xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated Agents
title_short xFedCAV: Cyberattacks on Leader and Followers in Automated Vehicles With Cooperative Platoons Using Federated Agents
title_sort xfedcav cyberattacks on leader and followers in automated vehicles with cooperative platoons using federated agents
topic Explainable machine learning
federated learning
fine-grained cyberattack
cybersecurity
automated and connected vehicles
cooperative driving
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11071968/
work_keys_str_mv AT guanyulin xfedcavcyberattacksonleaderandfollowersinautomatedvehicleswithcooperativeplatoonsusingfederatedagents
AT seanqian xfedcavcyberattacksonleaderandfollowersinautomatedvehicleswithcooperativeplatoonsusingfederatedagents
AT zulqarnainhkhattak xfedcavcyberattacksonleaderandfollowersinautomatedvehicleswithcooperativeplatoonsusingfederatedagents