Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis

Abstract Discharge of micropollutants laced untreated or partially treated wastewater into the environment is one of the significant contributors to water quality decline. This study adopted the method of hydrological balance proposed by Kadlec and Wallace for the construction of a combination of Ho...

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Main Authors: John Augustino Lugongo, Ulrike Gayh, Kenneth Bedu-Addo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Discover Water
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00203-3
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author John Augustino Lugongo
Ulrike Gayh
Kenneth Bedu-Addo
author_facet John Augustino Lugongo
Ulrike Gayh
Kenneth Bedu-Addo
author_sort John Augustino Lugongo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Discharge of micropollutants laced untreated or partially treated wastewater into the environment is one of the significant contributors to water quality decline. This study adopted the method of hydrological balance proposed by Kadlec and Wallace for the construction of a combination of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands and Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands planted with Phragmites australis to investigate micropollutants load removal as well as the treatment efficiency of lab constructed wetlands. Artificial wastewater with Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations of 0.368 mg/l, 0.377 mg/l, and 0.362 mg/l respectively, was prepared using 99.99% Pb(NO₃)2 crystals, 1000mgl/l Cd(NO3)2 and Cr(NO₃)3 standard solutions to serve as influent wastewater for the wetlands. A test run of the setup was done with an influent flow rate of 0.8 L per hour for optimisation purposes after which effluent samples after treatment in the wetlands were analysed every other day using a HACH LT 200 heating block for digestion, HACH LCK 306, LCK 313 and LCK 308 cuvettes reagents and a HACH DR 3900 spectrophotometer for the determination of concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Cd. Pre and post treatment of Pb, Cr and Cd concentrations, pollution loads, and the overall treatment efficiency were tested for significance using T-test and one way ANOVA. There were significant reductions of 0.268 mg/l, 0.356 mg/l and 0.347 mg/l between the pre-treatment concentrations and post-treatment concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr respectively. Micropollutant removal efficiency was in the order of Cd (95.85%) > Cr (94.43%) > Pb (72.80%) respectively. This study will contribute to ongoing research on nature-based solutions for the removal of micropollutants from wastewater at a relatively lower cost.
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spelling doaj-art-862c02cfad9d4f9ea375aa5266e01d942025-08-20T02:56:12ZengSpringerDiscover Water2730-647X2025-03-01511910.1007/s43832-025-00203-3Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australisJohn Augustino Lugongo0Ulrike Gayh1Kenneth Bedu-Addo2School of Engineering and Architecture, SRH Hochschule HeidelbergSchool of Engineering and Architecture, SRH Hochschule HeidelbergSchool of Engineering and Architecture, SRH Hochschule HeidelbergAbstract Discharge of micropollutants laced untreated or partially treated wastewater into the environment is one of the significant contributors to water quality decline. This study adopted the method of hydrological balance proposed by Kadlec and Wallace for the construction of a combination of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands and Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands planted with Phragmites australis to investigate micropollutants load removal as well as the treatment efficiency of lab constructed wetlands. Artificial wastewater with Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations of 0.368 mg/l, 0.377 mg/l, and 0.362 mg/l respectively, was prepared using 99.99% Pb(NO₃)2 crystals, 1000mgl/l Cd(NO3)2 and Cr(NO₃)3 standard solutions to serve as influent wastewater for the wetlands. A test run of the setup was done with an influent flow rate of 0.8 L per hour for optimisation purposes after which effluent samples after treatment in the wetlands were analysed every other day using a HACH LT 200 heating block for digestion, HACH LCK 306, LCK 313 and LCK 308 cuvettes reagents and a HACH DR 3900 spectrophotometer for the determination of concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Cd. Pre and post treatment of Pb, Cr and Cd concentrations, pollution loads, and the overall treatment efficiency were tested for significance using T-test and one way ANOVA. There were significant reductions of 0.268 mg/l, 0.356 mg/l and 0.347 mg/l between the pre-treatment concentrations and post-treatment concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr respectively. Micropollutant removal efficiency was in the order of Cd (95.85%) > Cr (94.43%) > Pb (72.80%) respectively. This study will contribute to ongoing research on nature-based solutions for the removal of micropollutants from wastewater at a relatively lower cost.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00203-3Laboratory constructed wetlandRemoval efficiencyMicropollutantsPollution loadPhragmites australis
spellingShingle John Augustino Lugongo
Ulrike Gayh
Kenneth Bedu-Addo
Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis
Discover Water
Laboratory constructed wetland
Removal efficiency
Micropollutants
Pollution load
Phragmites australis
title Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis
title_full Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis
title_fullStr Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis
title_full_unstemmed Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis
title_short Nature-based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater: the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis
title_sort nature based solutions as an economical option for the removal of micropollutants in artificial wastewater the case of a laboratory constructed wetland planted with phragmites australis
topic Laboratory constructed wetland
Removal efficiency
Micropollutants
Pollution load
Phragmites australis
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00203-3
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