Comprehensive Understanding of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon Anode for High-Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries

Comprehensive Understanding of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon Anode for High-Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries

Highlights This review summarizes the latest advances in closed pore structures within hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries, establishing a conceptual framework and origination mechanisms under a unified perspective of active sites. The influence of closed pore characteristics on sodium stora...

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Main Authors: Siyang Gan, Yujie Huang, Ningyun Hong, Yinghao Zhang, Bo Xiong, Zhi Zheng, Zidong He, Shengrui Gao, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou, Xiaobo Ji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Nano-Micro Letters
Subjects:
Hard carbon
Closed pores
Anode
Sodium-ion batteries
High energy density
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01833-x
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Summary:Highlights This review summarizes the latest advances in closed pore structures within hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries, establishing a conceptual framework and origination mechanisms under a unified perspective of active sites. The influence of closed pore characteristics on sodium storage behavior is systematically explored, with design principles proposed for directional regulation of pore structures. Future research directions are highlighted, integrating advanced modification strategies with molecular-level design and dynamic/thermodynamic hybrid analyses for performance optimization.
ISSN:2311-6706
2150-5551

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