Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy

Tiragolumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), represents a novel approach in cancer immunotherapy. TIGIT, an immunological checkpoint receptor, suppresses T cell activation and promotes immune evasion in various cancers. By inhibiting TIGI...

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Main Author: Kosar Ghasemi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1568664/full
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author Kosar Ghasemi
Kosar Ghasemi
author_facet Kosar Ghasemi
Kosar Ghasemi
author_sort Kosar Ghasemi
collection DOAJ
description Tiragolumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), represents a novel approach in cancer immunotherapy. TIGIT, an immunological checkpoint receptor, suppresses T cell activation and promotes immune evasion in various cancers. By inhibiting TIGIT, Tiragolumab enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, particularly when combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. This synergy arises from complementary mechanisms, where TIGIT blockade reduces CD155-mediated suppression, amplifying PD-1/PD-L1-driven T cell activation. Phase II and III trials, including the CITYSCAPE trial for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have shown improved objective response rates (37% vs. 21% with PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy) and progression-free survival (PFS), with manageable adverse effects. However, the potential of other checkpoint inhibitors, such as Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), remains underexplored compared to TIGIT. This review summarizes TIGIT’s molecular mechanisms, preclinical and clinical data, and limitations, including resistance mechanisms (e.g., upregulation of alternative checkpoints), biomarker development, and the need for broader investigation into alternative inhibitors to optimize combination therapies for personalized, durable cancer treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-85fecb5caa9348b6bf85cf9a4fd266262025-08-20T03:10:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-06-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15686641568664Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapyKosar Ghasemi0Kosar Ghasemi1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranCellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranTiragolumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), represents a novel approach in cancer immunotherapy. TIGIT, an immunological checkpoint receptor, suppresses T cell activation and promotes immune evasion in various cancers. By inhibiting TIGIT, Tiragolumab enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, particularly when combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. This synergy arises from complementary mechanisms, where TIGIT blockade reduces CD155-mediated suppression, amplifying PD-1/PD-L1-driven T cell activation. Phase II and III trials, including the CITYSCAPE trial for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have shown improved objective response rates (37% vs. 21% with PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy) and progression-free survival (PFS), with manageable adverse effects. However, the potential of other checkpoint inhibitors, such as Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), remains underexplored compared to TIGIT. This review summarizes TIGIT’s molecular mechanisms, preclinical and clinical data, and limitations, including resistance mechanisms (e.g., upregulation of alternative checkpoints), biomarker development, and the need for broader investigation into alternative inhibitors to optimize combination therapies for personalized, durable cancer treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1568664/fulltiragolumabTIGITcancer immunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitor 19cancer
spellingShingle Kosar Ghasemi
Kosar Ghasemi
Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy
Frontiers in Pharmacology
tiragolumab
TIGIT
cancer immunotherapy
immune checkpoint inhibitor 19
cancer
title Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy
title_full Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy
title_fullStr Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy
title_short Tiragolumab and TIGIT: pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy
title_sort tiragolumab and tigit pioneering the next era of cancer immunotherapy
topic tiragolumab
TIGIT
cancer immunotherapy
immune checkpoint inhibitor 19
cancer
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1568664/full
work_keys_str_mv AT kosarghasemi tiragolumabandtigitpioneeringthenexteraofcancerimmunotherapy
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