Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence

<b>Objectives:</b> This study proposes a state-of-the-art technology to estimate a set of parameters to automatically display an optimized image on a screen during cataract surgery. <b>Methods:</b> We constructed an architecture comprising two stages to estimate the parameter...

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Main Authors: Young Jae Kim, Sung Ha Hwang, Kwang Gi Kim, Dong Heun Nam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/4/445
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author Young Jae Kim
Sung Ha Hwang
Kwang Gi Kim
Dong Heun Nam
author_facet Young Jae Kim
Sung Ha Hwang
Kwang Gi Kim
Dong Heun Nam
author_sort Young Jae Kim
collection DOAJ
description <b>Objectives:</b> This study proposes a state-of-the-art technology to estimate a set of parameters to automatically display an optimized image on a screen during cataract surgery. <b>Methods:</b> We constructed an architecture comprising two stages to estimate the parameters for realizing the optimized image. The Pix2Pix approach was first introduced to generate fake images that mimic the optimal image. This part can be considered a preliminary step; it uses training datasets comprising both an original microscopy image as the input data and an optimally tuned image by ophthalmologists as the label data. The second part of the architecture was inspired by ensemble learning, in which two ResNet-50 models were trained in parallel using fake images obtained in the previous step and unprocessed images. Each set of features extracted by the ensemble-like scheme was exploited for the regression of the optimal parameters. <b>Results:</b> The fidelity of our method was confirmed through relevant quantitative assessments (NMSE 121.052 ± 181.227, PSNR 29.887 ± 4.682, SSIM 0.965 ± 0.047). <b>Conclusions:</b> Subsequently, surgeons reassured that the objects to be highlighted on the screen for cataract surgery were faithfully visualized by the automatically estimated parameters.
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spelling doaj-art-85fa2d99e5884bdbbfad0583b99076a52025-08-20T03:12:20ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-02-0115444510.3390/diagnostics15040445Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial IntelligenceYoung Jae Kim0Sung Ha Hwang1Kwang Gi Kim2Dong Heun Nam3Gachon Biomedical & Convergence Institute, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea<b>Objectives:</b> This study proposes a state-of-the-art technology to estimate a set of parameters to automatically display an optimized image on a screen during cataract surgery. <b>Methods:</b> We constructed an architecture comprising two stages to estimate the parameters for realizing the optimized image. The Pix2Pix approach was first introduced to generate fake images that mimic the optimal image. This part can be considered a preliminary step; it uses training datasets comprising both an original microscopy image as the input data and an optimally tuned image by ophthalmologists as the label data. The second part of the architecture was inspired by ensemble learning, in which two ResNet-50 models were trained in parallel using fake images obtained in the previous step and unprocessed images. Each set of features extracted by the ensemble-like scheme was exploited for the regression of the optimal parameters. <b>Results:</b> The fidelity of our method was confirmed through relevant quantitative assessments (NMSE 121.052 ± 181.227, PSNR 29.887 ± 4.682, SSIM 0.965 ± 0.047). <b>Conclusions:</b> Subsequently, surgeons reassured that the objects to be highlighted on the screen for cataract surgery were faithfully visualized by the automatically estimated parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/4/445cataract surgeryparameter estimationPix2Pixensemble learningResNet-50regression
spellingShingle Young Jae Kim
Sung Ha Hwang
Kwang Gi Kim
Dong Heun Nam
Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence
Diagnostics
cataract surgery
parameter estimation
Pix2Pix
ensemble learning
ResNet-50
regression
title Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence
title_full Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence
title_fullStr Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence
title_full_unstemmed Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence
title_short Automated Imaging of Cataract Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence
title_sort automated imaging of cataract surgery using artificial intelligence
topic cataract surgery
parameter estimation
Pix2Pix
ensemble learning
ResNet-50
regression
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/4/445
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AT kwanggikim automatedimagingofcataractsurgeryusingartificialintelligence
AT dongheunnam automatedimagingofcataractsurgeryusingartificialintelligence