Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species

Abstract Climate-driven shifts in species distributions can undermine the effectiveness of protected areas. We present a framework to facilitate climate change adaptation planning by identifying where highly migratory species habitats will persist (climate refugia), emerge (bright spots), disappear...

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Main Authors: Nerea Lezama-Ochoa, Heather Welch, Jennifer A. Brown, Scott R. Benson, Karin A. Forney, Briana Abrahms, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Michael G. Jacox, Barbara A. Muhling, Owen R. Liu, Thomas A. Clay, Ryan Freedman, Danielle Lipski, Steven J. Bograd, Elliott L. Hazen, Stephanie Brodie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Ocean Sustainability
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00136-3
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author Nerea Lezama-Ochoa
Heather Welch
Jennifer A. Brown
Scott R. Benson
Karin A. Forney
Briana Abrahms
Mercedes Pozo Buil
Michael G. Jacox
Barbara A. Muhling
Owen R. Liu
Thomas A. Clay
Ryan Freedman
Danielle Lipski
Steven J. Bograd
Elliott L. Hazen
Stephanie Brodie
author_facet Nerea Lezama-Ochoa
Heather Welch
Jennifer A. Brown
Scott R. Benson
Karin A. Forney
Briana Abrahms
Mercedes Pozo Buil
Michael G. Jacox
Barbara A. Muhling
Owen R. Liu
Thomas A. Clay
Ryan Freedman
Danielle Lipski
Steven J. Bograd
Elliott L. Hazen
Stephanie Brodie
author_sort Nerea Lezama-Ochoa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Climate-driven shifts in species distributions can undermine the effectiveness of protected areas. We present a framework to facilitate climate change adaptation planning by identifying where highly migratory species habitats will persist (climate refugia), emerge (bright spots), disappear (dark spots), or remain unsuitable based on model analysis by 2100. When applied to eight species in the California Current System, we found that, on average, 37% of habitats are expected to be climate refugia, 9% are bright spots, and 13% are dark spots within National Marine Sanctuaries by 2100. Species responses differ: leatherback turtles may find refuge near U.S. coastal waters (18%), blue whales may show increased bright spots (41%), and humpback whales may exhibit more dark spots (44%). These findings highlight the need to integrate species projections into spatial planning to enhance species conservation. Our approach can be applied globally to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas in safeguarding biodiversity under climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-85ec5c256d9a410cb9ebeb053fe852322025-08-20T04:01:56ZengNature Portfolionpj Ocean Sustainability2731-426X2025-07-01411910.1038/s44183-025-00136-3Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile speciesNerea Lezama-Ochoa0Heather Welch1Jennifer A. Brown2Scott R. Benson3Karin A. Forney4Briana Abrahms5Mercedes Pozo Buil6Michael G. Jacox7Barbara A. Muhling8Owen R. Liu9Thomas A. Clay10Ryan Freedman11Danielle Lipski12Steven J. Bograd13Elliott L. Hazen14Stephanie Brodie15Institute of Marine Science, University of California Santa CruzInstitute of Marine Science, University of California Santa CruzECOS Consulting, LLCMarine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationMarine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDepartment of Biology, Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, University of WashingtonInstitute of Marine Science, University of California Santa CruzEcosystem Science Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationInstitute of Marine Science, University of California Santa CruzNorthwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationInstitute of Marine Science, University of California Santa CruzChannel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationGreater Farallones and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationInstitute of Marine Science, University of California Santa CruzInstitute of Marine Science, University of California Santa CruzCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), EnvironmentAbstract Climate-driven shifts in species distributions can undermine the effectiveness of protected areas. We present a framework to facilitate climate change adaptation planning by identifying where highly migratory species habitats will persist (climate refugia), emerge (bright spots), disappear (dark spots), or remain unsuitable based on model analysis by 2100. When applied to eight species in the California Current System, we found that, on average, 37% of habitats are expected to be climate refugia, 9% are bright spots, and 13% are dark spots within National Marine Sanctuaries by 2100. Species responses differ: leatherback turtles may find refuge near U.S. coastal waters (18%), blue whales may show increased bright spots (41%), and humpback whales may exhibit more dark spots (44%). These findings highlight the need to integrate species projections into spatial planning to enhance species conservation. Our approach can be applied globally to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas in safeguarding biodiversity under climate change.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00136-3
spellingShingle Nerea Lezama-Ochoa
Heather Welch
Jennifer A. Brown
Scott R. Benson
Karin A. Forney
Briana Abrahms
Mercedes Pozo Buil
Michael G. Jacox
Barbara A. Muhling
Owen R. Liu
Thomas A. Clay
Ryan Freedman
Danielle Lipski
Steven J. Bograd
Elliott L. Hazen
Stephanie Brodie
Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species
npj Ocean Sustainability
title Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species
title_full Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species
title_fullStr Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species
title_full_unstemmed Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species
title_short Identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species
title_sort identifying climate refugia and bright spots for highly mobile species
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00136-3
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