Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA Viruses
Emerging RNA viruses pose a critical threat to aquatic animals, leading to significant ecological and economic consequences. Their high mutation rates and genetic adaptability drive rapid evolution, cross-species transmission, and expanding host ranges, complicating disease management. In aquacultur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/768 |
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| author | Sohrab Ahmadivand Ayanna Carla N. Phillips Savage Dušan Palic |
| author_facet | Sohrab Ahmadivand Ayanna Carla N. Phillips Savage Dušan Palic |
| author_sort | Sohrab Ahmadivand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emerging RNA viruses pose a critical threat to aquatic animals, leading to significant ecological and economic consequences. Their high mutation rates and genetic adaptability drive rapid evolution, cross-species transmission, and expanding host ranges, complicating disease management. In aquaculture, RNA viruses are responsible for major outbreaks in fish, while DNA viruses predominate in crustaceans. Marine mammals are increasingly affected by morbilliviruses and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, which has caused widespread mortality events in pinniped and cetacean populations, raising concerns about zoonotic spillover. The absence of effective antiviral treatments and the complexity of vaccine development highlight the urgent need for enhanced biosecurity measures. Furthermore, novel vaccine approaches, such as self-assembling protein nanocage platforms, offer promising solutions for RNA virus mitigation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the emergence and significance of RNA viruses in aquatic animals over the last two decades, with a particular focus on biosecurity and vaccine development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-85de7b67fe7245979404d5c7375b827d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-85de7b67fe7245979404d5c7375b827d2025-08-20T03:29:49ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-05-0117676810.3390/v17060768Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA VirusesSohrab Ahmadivand0Ayanna Carla N. Phillips Savage1Dušan Palic2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyVirginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyEmerging RNA viruses pose a critical threat to aquatic animals, leading to significant ecological and economic consequences. Their high mutation rates and genetic adaptability drive rapid evolution, cross-species transmission, and expanding host ranges, complicating disease management. In aquaculture, RNA viruses are responsible for major outbreaks in fish, while DNA viruses predominate in crustaceans. Marine mammals are increasingly affected by morbilliviruses and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, which has caused widespread mortality events in pinniped and cetacean populations, raising concerns about zoonotic spillover. The absence of effective antiviral treatments and the complexity of vaccine development highlight the urgent need for enhanced biosecurity measures. Furthermore, novel vaccine approaches, such as self-assembling protein nanocage platforms, offer promising solutions for RNA virus mitigation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the emergence and significance of RNA viruses in aquatic animals over the last two decades, with a particular focus on biosecurity and vaccine development.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/768RNA virusesviral emergencemarine mammalsaquaculturebiosecurityvaccines |
| spellingShingle | Sohrab Ahmadivand Ayanna Carla N. Phillips Savage Dušan Palic Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA Viruses Viruses RNA viruses viral emergence marine mammals aquaculture biosecurity vaccines |
| title | Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA Viruses |
| title_full | Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA Viruses |
| title_fullStr | Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA Viruses |
| title_short | Biosecurity and Vaccines for Emerging Aquatic Animal RNA Viruses |
| title_sort | biosecurity and vaccines for emerging aquatic animal rna viruses |
| topic | RNA viruses viral emergence marine mammals aquaculture biosecurity vaccines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/768 |
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