Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices

Abstract We study the ground states of CFTs with a global U(1) symmetry on ℝ × S 2 in the regime of large charge Q and large angular momentum J, using large charge EFT. We find that in the range Q ≪ J ≪ Q 2, the ground state solution is a superfluid densely populated with vortices rotating at a cons...

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Main Authors: Jaehyeok Choi, Eunwoo Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)087
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author Jaehyeok Choi
Eunwoo Lee
author_facet Jaehyeok Choi
Eunwoo Lee
author_sort Jaehyeok Choi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We study the ground states of CFTs with a global U(1) symmetry on ℝ × S 2 in the regime of large charge Q and large angular momentum J, using large charge EFT. We find that in the range Q ≪ J ≪ Q 2, the ground state solution is a superfluid densely populated with vortices rotating at a constant angular velocity Ω. This is a relativistic generalization of the known (non-relativistic) rigid rotation phase, which corresponds to the small Ω limit of our solution. In the regime Q 3/2 ≪ J ≪ Q 2, our solution achieves lower energy than previously identified states. In this regime, most of the vortices move near the speed of light, and we obtain the chiral fluctuation modes propagating at the speed of light. Interestingly, we find that our ground state can be interpreted as a zero temperature charged normal fluid rotating at a constant angular velocity Ω. We rederive this solution purely from the fluid dynamics. Based on the (already established) applicability of fluid description to large non-supersymmetric extremal AdS black holes, we find that the boundary stress tensor and U(1) current of extremal AdS Kerr-Newman black hole align with those of our solution.
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spelling doaj-art-85d982f08bbc4a2f90f5e592a4cdfcde2025-08-20T02:30:49ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-05-012025514010.1007/JHEP05(2025)087Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vorticesJaehyeok Choi0Eunwoo Lee1Department of Physics and Astronomy & Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchAbstract We study the ground states of CFTs with a global U(1) symmetry on ℝ × S 2 in the regime of large charge Q and large angular momentum J, using large charge EFT. We find that in the range Q ≪ J ≪ Q 2, the ground state solution is a superfluid densely populated with vortices rotating at a constant angular velocity Ω. This is a relativistic generalization of the known (non-relativistic) rigid rotation phase, which corresponds to the small Ω limit of our solution. In the regime Q 3/2 ≪ J ≪ Q 2, our solution achieves lower energy than previously identified states. In this regime, most of the vortices move near the speed of light, and we obtain the chiral fluctuation modes propagating at the speed of light. Interestingly, we find that our ground state can be interpreted as a zero temperature charged normal fluid rotating at a constant angular velocity Ω. We rederive this solution purely from the fluid dynamics. Based on the (already established) applicability of fluid description to large non-supersymmetric extremal AdS black holes, we find that the boundary stress tensor and U(1) current of extremal AdS Kerr-Newman black hole align with those of our solution.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)087Effective Field TheoriesGlobal SymmetriesField Theory Hydrodynamics
spellingShingle Jaehyeok Choi
Eunwoo Lee
Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices
Journal of High Energy Physics
Effective Field Theories
Global Symmetries
Field Theory Hydrodynamics
title Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices
title_full Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices
title_fullStr Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices
title_full_unstemmed Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices
title_short Large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices
title_sort large charge operators at large spin from relativistically rotating vortices
topic Effective Field Theories
Global Symmetries
Field Theory Hydrodynamics
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)087
work_keys_str_mv AT jaehyeokchoi largechargeoperatorsatlargespinfromrelativisticallyrotatingvortices
AT eunwoolee largechargeoperatorsatlargespinfromrelativisticallyrotatingvortices