Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes

<b>Background:</b> The brain’s vascular system has recently been shown to provide an important efflux pathway for cerebral waste clearance (CWC). However, little is known about the influence of aging or diabetes on the CWC. The aim of the current study is to investigate the vasculature c...

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Main Authors: Yimin Shen, Li Zhang, Guangliang Ding, Edward Boyd, Jasleen Kaur, Qingjiang Li, E. Mark Haacke, Jiani Hu, Quan Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/8/1019
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author Yimin Shen
Li Zhang
Guangliang Ding
Edward Boyd
Jasleen Kaur
Qingjiang Li
E. Mark Haacke
Jiani Hu
Quan Jiang
author_facet Yimin Shen
Li Zhang
Guangliang Ding
Edward Boyd
Jasleen Kaur
Qingjiang Li
E. Mark Haacke
Jiani Hu
Quan Jiang
author_sort Yimin Shen
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> The brain’s vascular system has recently been shown to provide an important efflux pathway for cerebral waste clearance (CWC). However, little is known about the influence of aging or diabetes on the CWC. The aim of the current study is to investigate the vasculature contribution to CWC under aging and diabetic conditions. <b>Methods</b>: Male Wistar rats under aging and diabetic conditions were evaluated using dynamic intra-cisterna superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (SPIO-SWI). Theoretical analysis of the expected signal intensity using SPIO-SWI was compared with the corresponding dynamic in vivo images. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to evaluate the iron-based tracer concentration in the venous system. <b>Results</b>: Our data demonstrated that the theoretical analysis predicted the dynamic changes in the signal intensity after SPIO infusion. The distinct hyperintense signals due to the lower concentration of the SPIO over time in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and meningeal lymphatic (ML) vessels likely represented the CWC through various efflux pathways, including cerebral vascular and ML vessels. The QSM analysis further revealed reduced CWC from the vasculature in both the aged and diabetic groups compared to the younger group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results demonstrated that SPIO-SWI can quantitatively evaluate the CWC efflux contributions from cerebral vascular vessels under aging or diabetic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-85cd4ac378a544e7a232536f3e057e4b2025-08-20T03:13:51ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-04-01158101910.3390/diagnostics15081019Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or DiabetesYimin Shen0Li Zhang1Guangliang Ding2Edward Boyd3Jasleen Kaur4Qingjiang Li5E. Mark Haacke6Jiani Hu7Quan Jiang8Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USADepartment of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA<b>Background:</b> The brain’s vascular system has recently been shown to provide an important efflux pathway for cerebral waste clearance (CWC). However, little is known about the influence of aging or diabetes on the CWC. The aim of the current study is to investigate the vasculature contribution to CWC under aging and diabetic conditions. <b>Methods</b>: Male Wistar rats under aging and diabetic conditions were evaluated using dynamic intra-cisterna superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (SPIO-SWI). Theoretical analysis of the expected signal intensity using SPIO-SWI was compared with the corresponding dynamic in vivo images. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to evaluate the iron-based tracer concentration in the venous system. <b>Results</b>: Our data demonstrated that the theoretical analysis predicted the dynamic changes in the signal intensity after SPIO infusion. The distinct hyperintense signals due to the lower concentration of the SPIO over time in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and meningeal lymphatic (ML) vessels likely represented the CWC through various efflux pathways, including cerebral vascular and ML vessels. The QSM analysis further revealed reduced CWC from the vasculature in both the aged and diabetic groups compared to the younger group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results demonstrated that SPIO-SWI can quantitatively evaluate the CWC efflux contributions from cerebral vascular vessels under aging or diabetic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/8/1019glymphatic systemcerebral vascular systemmagnetic resonance imagingsusceptibility-weighted imagingmeningeal lymphatic vessels
spellingShingle Yimin Shen
Li Zhang
Guangliang Ding
Edward Boyd
Jasleen Kaur
Qingjiang Li
E. Mark Haacke
Jiani Hu
Quan Jiang
Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes
Diagnostics
glymphatic system
cerebral vascular system
magnetic resonance imaging
susceptibility-weighted imaging
meningeal lymphatic vessels
title Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes
title_full Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes
title_fullStr Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes
title_short Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes
title_sort vascular contribution to cerebral waste clearance affected by aging or diabetes
topic glymphatic system
cerebral vascular system
magnetic resonance imaging
susceptibility-weighted imaging
meningeal lymphatic vessels
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/8/1019
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