Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions

Abstract In the pre-synapse, vesicle fusion is a crucial process for neurotransmitter release in the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) locks synaptic vesicles in a priming state, allowing them to undergo synchronized neurotransmitter release upon Ca2+ activation....

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Main Authors: Yijuan Xiang, Lele Cui, Jingyu Yao, Xiaochu Lou, Mengdan Wu, Jingxiao Huo, Jiaqi Fan, Hao Li, KaiYu Li, Xiaodong Wang, Yeon-kyun Shin, Xiaofei Yang, Changhe Wang, Ying Lai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62496-1
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author Yijuan Xiang
Lele Cui
Jingyu Yao
Xiaochu Lou
Mengdan Wu
Jingxiao Huo
Jiaqi Fan
Hao Li
KaiYu Li
Xiaodong Wang
Yeon-kyun Shin
Xiaofei Yang
Changhe Wang
Ying Lai
author_facet Yijuan Xiang
Lele Cui
Jingyu Yao
Xiaochu Lou
Mengdan Wu
Jingxiao Huo
Jiaqi Fan
Hao Li
KaiYu Li
Xiaodong Wang
Yeon-kyun Shin
Xiaofei Yang
Changhe Wang
Ying Lai
author_sort Yijuan Xiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In the pre-synapse, vesicle fusion is a crucial process for neurotransmitter release in the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) locks synaptic vesicles in a priming state, allowing them to undergo synchronized neurotransmitter release upon Ca2+ activation. Elevation of intracellular ions during diseases or injuries may lead to uncontrolled neurotransmitter release independent on Ca2+ influx. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that elevation of the intracellular Zn2+ concentration leads to the increased frequency of spontaneous neurotransmitter release in hippocampal neurons. In the reconstituted system with neuronal SNAREs and Syt1, Zn2+ markedly enhances the fusion efficiency of liposomes via its binding to the interface between tandem C2 domains of Syt1. Moreover, Syt1 exhibits an elevated capacity to bind to anionic vesicles in the context of interaction with Zn2+, which leads to an augmentation in vesicles docking within the synaptic active zone. Finally, the mutation of the tentative Zn2+-binding site (Syt1_3M) results in a loss of activation function in spontaneous release by Zn2+, while disruption of the primary interface and the polybasic region show negligible impact on the modulatory action of Zn2+. Thus, these findings suggest that with Zn2+, Syt1 adopts an alternative regulatory mode to drive spontaneous neurotransmitter release.
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spelling doaj-art-85aee9346b054b129c6424fcd1c43bc72025-08-20T03:46:25ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-62496-1Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditionsYijuan Xiang0Lele Cui1Jingyu Yao2Xiaochu Lou3Mengdan Wu4Jingxiao Huo5Jiaqi Fan6Hao Li7KaiYu Li8Xiaodong Wang9Yeon-kyun Shin10Xiaofei Yang11Changhe Wang12Ying Lai13National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityNeuroscience Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityNeuroscience Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityKey Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for NationalitiesNeuroscience Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityAbstract In the pre-synapse, vesicle fusion is a crucial process for neurotransmitter release in the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) locks synaptic vesicles in a priming state, allowing them to undergo synchronized neurotransmitter release upon Ca2+ activation. Elevation of intracellular ions during diseases or injuries may lead to uncontrolled neurotransmitter release independent on Ca2+ influx. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that elevation of the intracellular Zn2+ concentration leads to the increased frequency of spontaneous neurotransmitter release in hippocampal neurons. In the reconstituted system with neuronal SNAREs and Syt1, Zn2+ markedly enhances the fusion efficiency of liposomes via its binding to the interface between tandem C2 domains of Syt1. Moreover, Syt1 exhibits an elevated capacity to bind to anionic vesicles in the context of interaction with Zn2+, which leads to an augmentation in vesicles docking within the synaptic active zone. Finally, the mutation of the tentative Zn2+-binding site (Syt1_3M) results in a loss of activation function in spontaneous release by Zn2+, while disruption of the primary interface and the polybasic region show negligible impact on the modulatory action of Zn2+. Thus, these findings suggest that with Zn2+, Syt1 adopts an alternative regulatory mode to drive spontaneous neurotransmitter release.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62496-1
spellingShingle Yijuan Xiang
Lele Cui
Jingyu Yao
Xiaochu Lou
Mengdan Wu
Jingxiao Huo
Jiaqi Fan
Hao Li
KaiYu Li
Xiaodong Wang
Yeon-kyun Shin
Xiaofei Yang
Changhe Wang
Ying Lai
Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions
Nature Communications
title Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions
title_full Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions
title_fullStr Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions
title_full_unstemmed Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions
title_short Synaptotagmin-1 serves as a primary Zn2+ sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions
title_sort synaptotagmin 1 serves as a primary zn2 sensor to mediate spontaneous neurotransmitter release under pathological conditions
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62496-1
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