Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions

Abstract Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a crucial cash crop in China, with yield performance influenced by genotype, environmental conditions, and management practices. The aim of this study was to assess the yield performance, biomass accumulation, and growth of nine cotton genotypes in Henan Provi...

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Main Authors: Fahmida Sultana, Washu Dev, Xiaowu Zhi, Hasan Sakibul, Yingchun Han, Lu Feng, Beifang Yang, Yaping Lei, Yahui Jiao, Yunzhen Ma, Yabing Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02682-9
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author Fahmida Sultana
Washu Dev
Xiaowu Zhi
Hasan Sakibul
Yingchun Han
Lu Feng
Beifang Yang
Yaping Lei
Yahui Jiao
Yunzhen Ma
Yabing Li
author_facet Fahmida Sultana
Washu Dev
Xiaowu Zhi
Hasan Sakibul
Yingchun Han
Lu Feng
Beifang Yang
Yaping Lei
Yahui Jiao
Yunzhen Ma
Yabing Li
author_sort Fahmida Sultana
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a crucial cash crop in China, with yield performance influenced by genotype, environmental conditions, and management practices. The aim of this study was to assess the yield performance, biomass accumulation, and growth of nine cotton genotypes in Henan Province during three growing seasons (2017–2019) with different climates. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, China. Plant height, true leaf number, and boll number per plant were among the morphological characteristics that showed the most variance across years and genotypes. Reproductive biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass accumulation followed distinct seasonal trends, with LAI rising during boll formation and flowering. Yield parameters such as seed cotton yield, lint percentage, and boll weight vary by genotype and year, with the highest yields recorded in 2019. According to correlation study, temperature and precipitation had a negative impact on seed cotton production and final biomass, whereas climatic parameters had a favorable correlation with the harvest index. The genotypes were divided into distinct categories according to growth and yield characteristics using heatmap clustering. These findings provide insight into the best cotton genotypes for increased productivity and resilience in a variety of climates, allowing breeders and farmers to make more informed cultivar selections.
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spelling doaj-art-85ae314e3abd4bc39f376a08fd8e49182025-08-20T02:31:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-02682-9Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditionsFahmida Sultana0Washu Dev1Xiaowu Zhi2Hasan Sakibul3Yingchun Han4Lu Feng5Beifang Yang6Yaping Lei7Yahui Jiao8Yunzhen Ma9Yabing Li10State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqing University of Science and TechnologyZhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a crucial cash crop in China, with yield performance influenced by genotype, environmental conditions, and management practices. The aim of this study was to assess the yield performance, biomass accumulation, and growth of nine cotton genotypes in Henan Province during three growing seasons (2017–2019) with different climates. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, China. Plant height, true leaf number, and boll number per plant were among the morphological characteristics that showed the most variance across years and genotypes. Reproductive biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass accumulation followed distinct seasonal trends, with LAI rising during boll formation and flowering. Yield parameters such as seed cotton yield, lint percentage, and boll weight vary by genotype and year, with the highest yields recorded in 2019. According to correlation study, temperature and precipitation had a negative impact on seed cotton production and final biomass, whereas climatic parameters had a favorable correlation with the harvest index. The genotypes were divided into distinct categories according to growth and yield characteristics using heatmap clustering. These findings provide insight into the best cotton genotypes for increased productivity and resilience in a variety of climates, allowing breeders and farmers to make more informed cultivar selections.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02682-9CottonPlant structureYieldLeaf area indexClimatic influence
spellingShingle Fahmida Sultana
Washu Dev
Xiaowu Zhi
Hasan Sakibul
Yingchun Han
Lu Feng
Beifang Yang
Yaping Lei
Yahui Jiao
Yunzhen Ma
Yabing Li
Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions
Scientific Reports
Cotton
Plant structure
Yield
Leaf area index
Climatic influence
title Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions
title_full Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions
title_fullStr Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions
title_full_unstemmed Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions
title_short Heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions
title_sort heatmap clustering and performance analysis of cotton genotypes in response to environmental conditions
topic Cotton
Plant structure
Yield
Leaf area index
Climatic influence
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02682-9
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