Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small Microplastics

The most commonly used methods for the detection and identification of small microplastics generally require a complex sample preparation procedure and only allow for static measurements. Quality control of food and drinking water therefore requires a lot of effort. Especially in view of the increas...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alexander Kissel, André Nogowski, Alwin Kienle, Florian Foschum
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1390
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850030273934131200
author Alexander Kissel
André Nogowski
Alwin Kienle
Florian Foschum
author_facet Alexander Kissel
André Nogowski
Alwin Kienle
Florian Foschum
author_sort Alexander Kissel
collection DOAJ
description The most commonly used methods for the detection and identification of small microplastics generally require a complex sample preparation procedure and only allow for static measurements. Quality control of food and drinking water therefore requires a lot of effort. Especially in view of the increasing amount of plastic waste in the environment, the rising public awareness of the issue and the indications for adverse effects of microplastics on human health, more sophisticated measuring methods are required. In this paper, we present a measuring setup for the detection and identification of microplastics using flow Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate the ability to acquire Raman spectra of individual particles as small as about 4 µm, enabling the identification of their plastic type. We show measurements of differently generated and shaped particles and particles made of different plastic types, highlighting the observed challenges and differences. Finally, we show possible applications of the measuring method. We demonstrate that the measuring principle is suitable for detecting and identifying microplastic particles among other particles and that aged plastics can still be distinguished by their Raman spectra. Overall, our results show that flow Raman spectroscopy is a promising method that could significantly reduce the effort required to detect microplastics.
format Article
id doaj-art-85ae1658e6d34418bc3e08e5bf366cd7
institution DOAJ
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-85ae1658e6d34418bc3e08e5bf366cd72025-08-20T02:59:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01255139010.3390/s25051390Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small MicroplasticsAlexander Kissel0André Nogowski1Alwin Kienle2Florian Foschum3Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm (ILM), Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, GermanySKZ-KFE gGmbH, Europäisches Zentrum für Dispersionstechnologien (EZD), Weissenbacher Str. 86, 95100 Selb, GermanyInstitut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm (ILM), Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm (ILM), Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, GermanyThe most commonly used methods for the detection and identification of small microplastics generally require a complex sample preparation procedure and only allow for static measurements. Quality control of food and drinking water therefore requires a lot of effort. Especially in view of the increasing amount of plastic waste in the environment, the rising public awareness of the issue and the indications for adverse effects of microplastics on human health, more sophisticated measuring methods are required. In this paper, we present a measuring setup for the detection and identification of microplastics using flow Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate the ability to acquire Raman spectra of individual particles as small as about 4 µm, enabling the identification of their plastic type. We show measurements of differently generated and shaped particles and particles made of different plastic types, highlighting the observed challenges and differences. Finally, we show possible applications of the measuring method. We demonstrate that the measuring principle is suitable for detecting and identifying microplastic particles among other particles and that aged plastics can still be distinguished by their Raman spectra. Overall, our results show that flow Raman spectroscopy is a promising method that could significantly reduce the effort required to detect microplastics.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1390microplasticRaman spectroscopywaterparticle analysis
spellingShingle Alexander Kissel
André Nogowski
Alwin Kienle
Florian Foschum
Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small Microplastics
Sensors
microplastic
Raman spectroscopy
water
particle analysis
title Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small Microplastics
title_full Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small Microplastics
title_fullStr Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small Microplastics
title_full_unstemmed Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small Microplastics
title_short Flow Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection and Identification of Small Microplastics
title_sort flow raman spectroscopy for the detection and identification of small microplastics
topic microplastic
Raman spectroscopy
water
particle analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1390
work_keys_str_mv AT alexanderkissel flowramanspectroscopyforthedetectionandidentificationofsmallmicroplastics
AT andrenogowski flowramanspectroscopyforthedetectionandidentificationofsmallmicroplastics
AT alwinkienle flowramanspectroscopyforthedetectionandidentificationofsmallmicroplastics
AT florianfoschum flowramanspectroscopyforthedetectionandidentificationofsmallmicroplastics