Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions

This pilot study investigated the metabolic responses of five selected bacteria to physiological stress. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze spectral changes associated with the release of adenine, a key metabolite indicative of stress conditions. Laboratory-synthesized spherical...

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Main Authors: Mona Ghazalová, Pavlína Modlitbová, Ota Samek, Katarína Rebrošová, Martin Šiler, Jan Ježek, Zdeněk Pilát
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4629
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author Mona Ghazalová
Pavlína Modlitbová
Ota Samek
Katarína Rebrošová
Martin Šiler
Jan Ježek
Zdeněk Pilát
author_facet Mona Ghazalová
Pavlína Modlitbová
Ota Samek
Katarína Rebrošová
Martin Šiler
Jan Ježek
Zdeněk Pilát
author_sort Mona Ghazalová
collection DOAJ
description This pilot study investigated the metabolic responses of five selected bacteria to physiological stress. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze spectral changes associated with the release of adenine, a key metabolite indicative of stress conditions. Laboratory-synthesized spherical silver and gold nanoparticles, which remained stable over an extended period, were employed as enhanced surfaces. Bacterial cultures were analyzed under standard conditions and in the presence of a selected stressor—demineralized water—inducing osmotic stress. The results showed that the adenine signal originated from metabolites released into the surrounding environment rather than directly from the bacterial cell wall. The study confirms the suitability of these cost-effective and easily synthesized stable nanoparticles for the qualitative detection of bacterial metabolites using a commercially available Raman instrument.
format Article
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issn 1424-8220
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spelling doaj-art-859beaa48fac4b41b03071f42b3c18ac2025-08-20T03:04:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012515462910.3390/s25154629Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress ConditionsMona Ghazalová0Pavlína Modlitbová1Ota Samek2Katarína Rebrošová3Martin Šiler4Jan Ježek5Zdeněk Pilát6Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University and St. Anne’s, University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicThis pilot study investigated the metabolic responses of five selected bacteria to physiological stress. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze spectral changes associated with the release of adenine, a key metabolite indicative of stress conditions. Laboratory-synthesized spherical silver and gold nanoparticles, which remained stable over an extended period, were employed as enhanced surfaces. Bacterial cultures were analyzed under standard conditions and in the presence of a selected stressor—demineralized water—inducing osmotic stress. The results showed that the adenine signal originated from metabolites released into the surrounding environment rather than directly from the bacterial cell wall. The study confirms the suitability of these cost-effective and easily synthesized stable nanoparticles for the qualitative detection of bacterial metabolites using a commercially available Raman instrument.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4629SERSAg-NPsAu-NPsphenylalanine<i>Escherichia coli</i><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
spellingShingle Mona Ghazalová
Pavlína Modlitbová
Ota Samek
Katarína Rebrošová
Martin Šiler
Jan Ježek
Zdeněk Pilát
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions
Sensors
SERS
Ag-NPs
Au-NPs
phenylalanine
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions
title_full Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions
title_fullStr Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions
title_short Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions
title_sort surface enhanced raman spectroscopy for adenine detection in five selected bacterial strains under stress conditions
topic SERS
Ag-NPs
Au-NPs
phenylalanine
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4629
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AT otasamek surfaceenhancedramanspectroscopyforadeninedetectioninfiveselectedbacterialstrainsunderstressconditions
AT katarinarebrosova surfaceenhancedramanspectroscopyforadeninedetectioninfiveselectedbacterialstrainsunderstressconditions
AT martinsiler surfaceenhancedramanspectroscopyforadeninedetectioninfiveselectedbacterialstrainsunderstressconditions
AT janjezek surfaceenhancedramanspectroscopyforadeninedetectioninfiveselectedbacterialstrainsunderstressconditions
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